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The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Employment: Individuals’ Perceptions
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A rápida difusão da Inteligência Artificial (IA) nos contextos de trabalho tem reconfigurado tarefas e reavivado o debate sobre implicações para o emprego. Esta dissertação analisa as perceções de profissionais acerca do impacto da IA em quatro dimensões: benefícios ao nível da tarefa, riscos ao nível do posto de trabalho, necessidades de competências e formação, e considerações éticas. Recorreu‑se a um inquérito transversal aplicado a 75 profissionais de vários países, maioritariamente do setor das Tecnologias de Informação (83 %). O questionário integrou 20 itens em escala de Likert e quatro questões abertas; os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e codificação temática. Dadas a amostragem por conveniência, a concentração setorial e a ausência de estratificação geográfica, os resultados são exploratórios e não generalizáveis.
Os resultados apontam para uma perceção amplamente positiva da produtividade associada à IA: 84 % reportaram ganhos de produtividade e 94 % concordaram que a IA poupa tempo nas tarefas. As preocupações com substituição de funções surgem mitigadas: 28 % referiram ansiedade com substituição, enquanto 56 % discordaram dessa hipótese. O impacto no stress foi modesto (15 %) e 69 % indicaram que a IA lhes liberta tempo para atividades de maior valor acrescentado. Ao nível das competências, 91 % declararam confiança no uso de tecnologias de IA e 84 % referiram estar a desenvolver novas competências; o apoio organizacional foi geralmente positivo (85 %), embora 35 % não tenham recebido formação formal, recorrendo sobretudo a autoaprendizagem.
Emergiu, contudo, um paradoxo: apesar da elevada autoconfiança (~ 91 %), 45 % manifestaram preocupações éticas – sobretudo privacidade e segurança de dados (29 %), transparência algorítmica (20 %) e enviesamentos em decisões mediadas por IA. Ainda assim, as atitudes globais mantiveram‑se otimistas: 75 % expressaram entusiasmo face ao aumento do uso de IA no seu setor e 85 % intenção de adoção adicional. Em síntese, os inquiridos veem a IA sobretudo como potenciador de produtividade, mais do que como ameaça direta ao emprego; porém, a integração bem‑sucedida dependerá de mitigação de riscos éticos e reforço da formação, garantindo utilização responsável e equitativa.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly diffusing across workplaces, reshaping tasks and reigniting debates about its implications for employment. This dissertation examines how professionals perceive AI’s impact across four key dimensions: task-level benefits, job-level risks, skill and training needs, and ethical considerations. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 75 professionals from multiple countries, the majority of whom work in the information-technology sector (83%). The questionnaire included 20 Likert-scale items and four open-ended questions, and the resulting data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic coding. Given the convenience sampling, sectoral concentration, and the absence of country-level stratification, the findings should be considered exploratory rather than generalizable. Results reveal widespread perceptions of AI-enabled productivity: 84% of respondents reported productivity gains, and 94% agreed that AI saves time on tasks. Job-replacement concerns were limited – 28% expressed anxiety that AI might replace their roles, whereas 56% explicitly disagreed. Reported stress impacts were modest (15%), and 69% indicated that AI freed them to focus on higher-value activities. In terms of skills and adaptation, approximately 91% felt confident using AI technologies, and 84% reported actively pursuing new AI-related skills. Organizational support was generally positive (85% cited management encouragement for AI adoption), although 35% indicated they had received no formal employer-provided training; many nonetheless perceived adequate resources for self-learning. A notable paradox emerged: despite high levels of self-efficacy (~91%), 45% of respondents reported ethical concerns – most frequently related to data privacy and security (29%), algorithmic transparency (20%), and bias in AI-mediated decision-making. Nevertheless, overall attitudes remained positive: 75% expressed enthusiasm about the growing use of AI in their field, and 85% indicated an intention to adopt additional AI tools. In summary, respondents predominantly viewed AI as a productivity enhancer rather than a direct threat to employment. However, successful integration will depend on addressing ethical risks and bridging training gaps to ensure responsible and equitable use of AI technologies.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly diffusing across workplaces, reshaping tasks and reigniting debates about its implications for employment. This dissertation examines how professionals perceive AI’s impact across four key dimensions: task-level benefits, job-level risks, skill and training needs, and ethical considerations. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 75 professionals from multiple countries, the majority of whom work in the information-technology sector (83%). The questionnaire included 20 Likert-scale items and four open-ended questions, and the resulting data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic coding. Given the convenience sampling, sectoral concentration, and the absence of country-level stratification, the findings should be considered exploratory rather than generalizable. Results reveal widespread perceptions of AI-enabled productivity: 84% of respondents reported productivity gains, and 94% agreed that AI saves time on tasks. Job-replacement concerns were limited – 28% expressed anxiety that AI might replace their roles, whereas 56% explicitly disagreed. Reported stress impacts were modest (15%), and 69% indicated that AI freed them to focus on higher-value activities. In terms of skills and adaptation, approximately 91% felt confident using AI technologies, and 84% reported actively pursuing new AI-related skills. Organizational support was generally positive (85% cited management encouragement for AI adoption), although 35% indicated they had received no formal employer-provided training; many nonetheless perceived adequate resources for self-learning. A notable paradox emerged: despite high levels of self-efficacy (~91%), 45% of respondents reported ethical concerns – most frequently related to data privacy and security (29%), algorithmic transparency (20%), and bias in AI-mediated decision-making. Nevertheless, overall attitudes remained positive: 75% expressed enthusiasm about the growing use of AI in their field, and 85% indicated an intention to adopt additional AI tools. In summary, respondents predominantly viewed AI as a productivity enhancer rather than a direct threat to employment. However, successful integration will depend on addressing ethical risks and bridging training gaps to ensure responsible and equitable use of AI technologies.
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Inteligência Artificial Emprego Produtividade Perceções no local de trabalho Segurança no Emprego Ética da IA