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Publication
A ameaça terrorista em soft targets: a proteção do eixo turístico da zona de Belém
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A problemática dos soft targets, tem ganho uma enorme relevância nos últimos anos pela
vulnerabilidade destes espaços à atividade terrorista na perpetração de ataques, que são cada vez
mais imprevisíveis e variados.
As zonas turísticas são consideradas alvos vulneráveis, pela elevada atratividade de pessoas e
por não reunirem medidas de segurança robustas, sobretudo no espaço público. Na presente
dissertação foi considerado o eixo turístico de Belém, por ser uma das zonas turísticas mais
importantes e com mais impacto mediático em Portugal. O objetivo deste estudo centra-se em
perceber o nível de preparação desta zona turística para responder a um ataque terrorista, ao
nível de medidas de prevenção e das principais vulnerabilidades desta zona. Foi desenvolvido
um estudo exploratório que envolveu a realização de 14 entrevistas, feitas em quatro atrações
turísticas, a Diretores, Diretores de segurança, Adjuntos de segurança e, também, a polícias que
exercem funções na zona de Belém ou são especialistas na área do terrorismo.
O estudo revelou um consenso dos entrevistados, quanto ao nível de preparação de segurança
da zona turística, abordando a existência de medidas de segurança, no entanto, insuficientes para
fazer face a um ataque terrorista perpetrado por um active shooter. São ainda identificadas
algumas vulnerabilidades pelos participantes, onde se destaca a débil formação antiterrorista
ministrada aos funcionários das atrações, que não tem nenhuma alínea prevista nos seus planos
de segurança. Bem como, soluções preventivas, nomeadamente, a implementação de mudanças
legislativas, sobretudo na vertente safety, para uma melhor proteção desta zona turística a
incidentes.
The problem of soft targets has gained enormous relevance in recent years due to the vulnerability of these spaces to terrorist activity in the perpetration of attacks, which are increasingly unpredictable and varied. Tourist areas are considered soft targets, due to the high attraction of people and for not having robust security measures, especially in the public space. In this dissertation the tourist area of Belém was considered, for being one of the most important tourist areas and with more media impact in Portugal. The objective of this study focuses on understanding the level of preparedness of this tourist area to respond to a terrorist attack, in terms of prevention measures and the main vulnerabilities of this area. An exploratory study was developed, involving 14 interviews, conducted in four tourist attractions, with Directors, Security Directors, Security Deputies, and also with police officers who work in the Belem area or are specialists in the area of terrorism. The study revealed a consensus among the interviewees, as to the level of security preparedness of the tourist area, addressing the existence of security measures, however, insufficient to face a terrorist attack perpetrated by an active shooter. Some vulnerabilities are also identified by the participants, where the weak anti-terrorist training given to the attractions' employees, which has no items foreseen in their security plans, stands out. As well as, preventive solutions, namely, the implementation of legislative changes, especially in the area of safety, for a better protection of this tourist area to incidents.
The problem of soft targets has gained enormous relevance in recent years due to the vulnerability of these spaces to terrorist activity in the perpetration of attacks, which are increasingly unpredictable and varied. Tourist areas are considered soft targets, due to the high attraction of people and for not having robust security measures, especially in the public space. In this dissertation the tourist area of Belém was considered, for being one of the most important tourist areas and with more media impact in Portugal. The objective of this study focuses on understanding the level of preparedness of this tourist area to respond to a terrorist attack, in terms of prevention measures and the main vulnerabilities of this area. An exploratory study was developed, involving 14 interviews, conducted in four tourist attractions, with Directors, Security Directors, Security Deputies, and also with police officers who work in the Belem area or are specialists in the area of terrorism. The study revealed a consensus among the interviewees, as to the level of security preparedness of the tourist area, addressing the existence of security measures, however, insufficient to face a terrorist attack perpetrated by an active shooter. Some vulnerabilities are also identified by the participants, where the weak anti-terrorist training given to the attractions' employees, which has no items foreseen in their security plans, stands out. As well as, preventive solutions, namely, the implementation of legislative changes, especially in the area of safety, for a better protection of this tourist area to incidents.
Description
Keywords
Alvos vulneráveis Belém Segurança Terrorismo Turismo Security Soft targets Terrorism Tourism