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- Team’s performance on FIFA U17 World Cup 2011 : study based on notational analysisPublication . Manuel Clemente, Filipe; Couceiro, Micael; M. L. Martins, Fernando; Mendes, RuiThe main objective of the notational analysis of the game includes optimizing feedback to the performer and coach to improve performance (Liebermann, Katz, Hughes, Bartlett, McClements & Franks, 2002). The main objective of this work was to analyze the profile of the teams that competed on FIFA U-17 World Cup at 2011, most exactly, trying understanding the offensive profile of the most successful teams. In this way we applied the test of correlation to verify if the goals for average are related to number of matches (i.e., more successful teams). There is statistical evidence to assert that the pairs (wins and goals) are positively moderating related (p = 0.001). In fact it appears that there is a directly intimacy between pairs (since the linear correlation coefficient r (24) = 0.774), i.e., how much more goals for average, more wins happens. Through the analysis of dependent variables is possible to say that teams who wins more games, have a superior mean of goals per match but, in the case of goals against, the teams that achieve the higher level in competition have higher mean of the goals against. However are the teams that play more matches that show higher level of goals for average.
- Using network metrics to investigate football team players’ connections : a pilot studyPublication . Manuel Clemente, Filipe; Couceiro, Micael; M. L. Martins, Fernando; Mendes, RuiThe aim of this pilot study was propose a set of network methods to measure the specific properties of football teams. These metrics were organized on “meso” and “micro” analysis levels. Five official matches of the same team on the First Portuguese Football League were analyzed. An overall of 577 offensive plays were analyzed from the five matches. From the adjacency matrices developed per each offensive play it were computed the scaled connectivity, the clustering coefficient and the centroid significance and centroid conformity. Results showed that the highest values of scaled connectivity were found in lateral defenders and central and midfielder players and the lowest values were found in the striker and goalkeeper. The highest values of clustering coefficient were generally found in midfielders and forwards. In addition, the centroid results showed that lateral and central defenders tend to be the centroid players in the attacking process. In sum, this study showed that network metrics can be a powerful tool to help coaches to understanding the specific team’s properties, thus supporting decision-making and improving sports training based on match analysis.
- A systemic overview of football game : the principles behind the gamePublication . Manuel Clemente, Filipe; M. L. Martins, Fernando; Mendes, Rui; Figueiredo, António JoséThe football game is a specific system constituted by many players’ interactions. The specific nature of such sport must be properly analyzed and discussed in sport community in order to understand the principles that rules the system organization. As a team sport with specific properties it is truly important to discuss how players’ interactions from the dynamic nature of game. Therefore, the aim of this study is to classify the football game as a team sport and to discuss their specific dynamic that determines the emergence of a tactical behavior and a strategic definition. Such discussion can be important to determine the specific pedagogical and didactical contents to teach at youth football training and even in Physical Education classes.
- The social network analysis of Switzerland football team on FIFA World Cup 2014Publication . Manuel Clemente, Filipe; M. L. Martins, Fernando; Kalamaras, Dimitris; Oliveira, Joana; Oliveira, Patrícia; Mendes, RuiThe aim of this study was to apply the social network analysis approach to the football match analysis case. For such, it was analyzed the Switzerland national football team during the FIFA World Cup 2014 tournament. Two general network metrics (total links and network density) and two centrality metrics (degree centrality and degree prestige) were computed. Four matches from Switzerland in FIFA World Cup 2014 were analysed in this study. A total of 334 adjacency matrices corresponding to 334 units of attack were generated based on the teammates’ interactions and then converted in 4 network graphs. A total of 1129 passes were analysed. The greatest value of total links and network density was achieved in the first match (88 total links and 0.80 of density value). Degree centrality revealed that the defenders and midfielders were the players with greatest prominent values in the attacking building. Degree prestige showed that midfielders were the main targets of the team to pass the ball in the attacking process. In summary, this study showed that centrality metrics can be an important tool in match analysis to identify the style of play of football teams, revealing the most prominent tactical roles in the attacking process.
- Inspecting the collective behaviours : a survey for football teamsPublication . Manuel Clemente, Filipe; M. L. Martins, Fernando; Couceiro, Micael; Mendes, RuiThe collective behaviour on football teams has been widely studied in the last few years, after decades of a deeper study about the technical and physical demands of the football. Now a days a new approach for the match analysis has been possible using the new technological advances from the multiplayer tracking systems. Therefore, the aims of this study is to provide a summarized analysis of the tactical metrics proposed and used in the last few years, trying understand how can these metrics help the match analysis. Thus, the main goal is to provide a practical perspective for the collective behaviour analysis.
- Midfielder as the prominent participant in the building attack : a network analysis of national teams in FIFA World Cup 2014Publication . Manuel Clemente, Filipe; M. L. Martins, Fernando; Wong, P. Del; Kalamaras, Dimitris; Mendes, RuiThis study aimed to analyze the most prominent players’ positions that contributed to the build of attack in football during FIFA World Cup 2014. The connections among teammates in all matches of the tournament were analyzed, and the tactical lineup and players’ positions of players were codified as independent variables. Four centrality network metrics were used to identify the pertinence of each players’ position. A total of 37,864 passes between teammates were recorded. Each national team was analyzed in terms of all their matches, thus all 64 matches from the FIFA World Cup 2014 tournament were analyzed and codified in this study. A total of 128 adjacency matrices and corresponding network graphs were generated and used to compute the centrality metrics. Results revealed that the players’ position (p = 0.001; η2p = 0.143; Power = 1.00; moderate effect size) showed significant main effects on centrality measures. The central midfielders possessed the main values in all centrality measures in the majority of analyzed tactical lineups. Therefore, this study showed that independent of the team strategy, the players’ position of a central midfielder significantly contributed to the build of attack in football, for example, greater cooperation and activity profile.
- Are the prominent players the most accurate and efficient? : study in football players from different competitive levelsPublication . Manuel Clemente, Filipe; M. L. Martins, Fernando; Mendes, RuiThe aim of this study was to study the association between technical performance (volume of play, efficiency index and performance score) and tactical behaviour (indegree and outdegree centrality) in different competitive levels of football. Sixty-six male soccer players (U12 – 11.23 ± 0.3 years old and 2.11 ± 0.9 years of practice; U14 – 13.43 ± 0.8 years old and 3.76 ± 2.4 years of practice; U16 – 15.67 ± 0.7 years old and 5.32 ± 1.3 years of practice; U18 – 17.84 ± 1.1 years old and 9.21 ± 2.2 years of practice; Amateurs with more than 20 years old – 23.45 ± 4.2 years old and 11.12 ± 2.7 years of practice) were observed in three official matches. The indegree centrality showed a large positive correlation with performance score (r = 0.630; p = 0.001) and very large positive correlation with volume of play (r = 0.735; p = 0.001). The outdegree centrality showed large positive correlation with volume of play (r = 0.535; p = 0.001), efficiency index (r = 0.590; p = 0.001) and performance score (r = 0.669; p = 0.001). In conclusion, this study revealed that the prominence in network activity might be associated with the technical performance in the match.
- Interpersonal dynamics : 1v1 sub-phase at sub18 football playersPublication . Manuel Clemente, Filipe; Couceiro, Micael; M. L. Martins, Fernando; Dias, Gonçalo; Mendes, RuiThe performance of football players within game context can be analyzed based on their ability to break or (re)balance the attacker-defender dyad. In this context, the analysis of each sub-phase (e.g., 1v1, 2v2) presents a feature that needs to be taken into account in sports analysis. This study aims to investigate the interpersonal dynamics dyad formed by the attacker and the defender in 1v1 situations with a goalkeeper. A sample of 11 football male players (age:17.91 ± 1.04 years) with 8.6 ± 1.52 years of practice experience participated in the study. Analyzing the 1v1 sub-phase, results show that the distance, speed and angular amplitude between the attacker and the defender increases, especially when the attacker attempts to overtake the defender (i.e., score a goal). We conclude that decision-making emerges from the perception that players draw from the action, actively and consistently interacting to find solutions to emerging problems within the game context.
- Inspecting teammates' coverage during attacking plays in a football game : a case studyPublication . Manuel Clemente, Filipe; M. L. Martins, Fernando; Couceiro, Micael; Mendes, Rui; Figueiredo, António J.The tactical behaviour of football players is fundamental in sport teams. Despite this importance, the methods to measure such behaviour are very time-consuming for human operators. Therefore, the aim of this case study was to propose a set of collective technological metrics to evaluate the attacking coverage provided by teammates to the player in possession of the ball. For this case study data was collected from three official matches of the same professional team. Using the information about the Cartesian position of players in the field provided from a tracking method, it was possible to propose four different technological metrics and ratios: i) cover in support; ii) cover in vigilance; iii) attacking cover; and iv) depth mobility. Using those metrics it was possible to observe that on average the team observed use with higher regularity support in vigilance as well as depth mobility, thus suggesting a specific tactical behaviour. In summary, it was possible to apply all metrics to real data from three official matches, thus allowing a new technological method to improve the match analysis systems that use multiplayer tracking.