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- Review of the theoretical underpinnings in the creative tourism research fieldPublication . Carvalho, Rui; Costa, Carlos; Ferreira, Ana MariaDespite the rising number of creative tourism publications, creative tourism is still emerging as a recent research area. Its study ranges from urban cities to rural areas implicating different uses for creativity, culture, events, creative networks and the co-creation of experiences. This paper had the goal to focus on the main theoretical subjects of creative tourism as a research area. As a result, the authors pinpoint vital issues present in creative tourism literature even though its definition is still evolving. After a thorough literature review, the authors conceptualised three main theoretical contributions present in creative tourism literature: 1) creativity and its relation to tourism, (2) specialised consumption as a characteristic of the postmodern tourist and 3) the experience economy paradigm and co-creation. This study identifies the main theoretical underpinnings of creative tourism, which made this special interest tourism gain so much importance in recent years.
- COMMUNITY BASED TOURISM FESTIVALS IN THE MÉDIO TEJO REGION, PORTUGAL A POTENTIAL FOR THE SPECIALIZED CULTURAL CONSUMPTION OF CREATIVE TOURISMPublication . Carvalho, Rui; Costa, Carlos; Ferreira, Ana MariaCreative tourism is seen as an alternative to the serial reproduction of culture and the massive consumption of cultural tourism. Cultural and creative events have been highlighted as strong strategies for tourism development in creative tourism literature. Postmodern tourists seek meaningful experiences through a closer contact with local communities and act as co-creators of the overall creative tourism experience. Festivals can offer the opportunity for such phenomena in direct or indirect ways. In creative tourism both intangible and tangible cultural assets can be (re)activated for tourism purposes and creative add ups can be included in these events. Three community based tourism festivals are analyzed in reference to creative tourism literature and cultural capital theory. These events are characterized and creative strategies are suggested. By offering specialized cultural activities, this will enhance the cultural capital of participants, planners, local communities and help to differentiate tourism supply in the region. This paper aims at contributing to the research and development of creative tourism in the central region of Portugal, mainly the Médio Tejo region, which embodies thirteen municipalities in the center of the country.
- Living the Creative Life: Evidence from “lifestyle entrepreneurs” engage in creative tourismPublication . Carvalho, RuiThe creative consumption of tourism has directed tourism agents towards cultural products, services, and experiences contributing to the lifestyle and identity expression of both consumers and producers as co-creators. Traditional cultural mediators have changed cultural and creative capital ac quisition, representing diverse social agencies and originating di erent forms of mediation marked by new technologies, and new virtual networks playing a relevant part in creative tourism contexts. New cultural mediators correspond to entrepreneurs whose lifestyle is prioritized by the privilege of pursuing non-material gains and pleasant activities instead of professional goals. Few studies have tried to know who these people are, what motivates them to be involved in the creative experiences they o er, and what they learn from the co-creation processes. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to lling in these gaps in creative tourism studies. Hence the authors applied qualitative and quantitative techni ques to analyze the life trajectories of lifestyle entrepreneurs engaged in creative tourism experiences. Findings show that creatives are not always connected to creative jobs, their motives for engaging in such experiences are seen as an economic supplement and the exchange of learning and personal skills are present in such experiences. These considerations contribute to better design creative experiences.
- Creative Tourism Consumption: Framing the Creative Habitus through a Bourdieusian LensPublication . Carvalho, RuiCreative tourism studies remain a newly developed field, pointing to changes in the con sumption of tourism and culture while influencing how creativity and co-creation differentiate tour ism supply through exploring the existential dimensions of creative experiences, the latter remain ing an under-researched theme in the creative tourism literature. In addition, this type of tourism is presented as more responsible and sustainable than other types of massified forms of tourism. Building on a Bourdieusian approach, an updated version of Bourdieu’s main sociological thinking tools was used to analyse the creative habitus of both the supply and demand involved in the co creation of creative tourism experiences. The authors developed 42 semi-structured interviews with creatives and creative tourists using the Loulé Criativo network in Portugal as a case study and applied qualitative techniques for the data treatment. The results showed that the creative habitus could move successfully between fields, expressing a sustainable agency towards creative tourism consumption. Autodidactism is important for skill development and knowledge replication result ing from the co-creation of creative experiences. The creative habitus, endowed with intercultural and creative capital, is characterized by self-education and ecological awareness where co-creation and coexistence with other creative people enhance the development and replication of creative competencies outside the tourism field.