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- Verbal fluency tasks: effects of age, gender, and educationPublication . Nogueira, Dália; Reis, Elizabeth; Vieira, Ana IsabelObjectives: This study presents data for semantic fluency, phonemic fluency, action fluency, and alternate fluency. The aim is to provide normative data by age, gender, and education for European Portuguese in each fluency category. Methods: Norms for the verbal fluency task were collected from a volunteer population of 444 healthy Portuguese participants. Multiple regression analysis with age, gender, and education as independent variables was performed for the semantic fluency global score, and these variables were considered separately for each phonemic category. Results: Age, education, and gender significantly affected the semantic global score, as well as scores of names, supermarket, kitchen objects, food, and clothes. No gender effect was observed in the categories “p-words,” animals, transports, verbs, and alternating fluency. This last category was only influenced by years of education. Conclusions: Equivalent scores of verbal fluency tasks are useful in clinical practice, allowing the comparison between the normal and the abnormal performance of language disorders.
- Reliability and validity of the european portuguese version of the social touch questionnairePublication . Vieira, Ana Isabel; Ramos, Ana Vanessa; Cavalheiro, Luís Manuel; Almeida, Patrícia; Nogueira, Dália; Reis, Elisabeth; Nunes, Maria Vânia; Castro-Caldas, AlexandreSocial touch is essential for physical and emotional well-being. However, different meanings can be attributed to physical contact during social interactions and may generate bonding or avoidant behaviors. This personal and unique experience is not usually taken into account in health and social care services. The aim of this study is to produce a valid and reliable European Portuguese version of the Social Touch Questionnaire (STQ, Wilhelm et al. in Biol Psychol 58:181–202, 2001. doi:10.1016/S0301-0511(01)00113-2). The STQ is a self-report questionnaire for adolescents and adults measuring behaviors and attitudes towards social touch. The original version was translated into European Portuguese using a forward-back translation process and its feasibility was examined. To evaluate the psychometric properties, a total of 242 Portuguese university students participated in the study (21.3 ± 3.8 years). The STQ was considered feasible, showed adequate internal consistency (Cronbach’s a = .734), and the test–retest correlation with the STQ items demonstrated a high concordance between the tests over a two-week interval (ICC = .990; n = 50). Validity tests were performed, comparing the total score of the STQ with that of the anxiety and avoidance subscales of the Social Interaction and Performance Anxiety and Avoidance Scale (SIPAAS). A very significant conceptual convergence was confirmed between the STQ and with the SIPAAS-Anxiety (r = .64; p\.0001) and with the SIPAAS-Avoidance (r = .59; p\.0001). The exploratory factor analysis, with Promax rotation, revealed 3 factors: dislike of physical touch, liking of familiar physical touch and liking of public physical touch (Cronbach’s alphas ranged from .68 to .75). Psychometric properties confirmed the adaptation of the STQ to the Portuguese culture. It is a reliable and valid self-report questionnaire and it appears to be a useful tool to assess behaviors and attitudes towards social touch.
- Hand tactile discrimination, social touch and frailty criteria in elderly people: A cross sectional observational studyPublication . Vieira, Ana Isabel; Nogueira, Dália; Reis, Elisabeth de Azevedo; Rosado, Maria Da Lapa; Nunes, Maria Vânia; Castro-Caldas, AlexandreFrailty is a common syndrome among elderly and sensory decline may exacerbate functional decline. The hand function, the manual dexterity, the performance of the daily living skills and the social interactions are determined, in a large degree, by sensory integrity. However, hand tactile sensory deterioration has been little explored in frailty. We performed a cross sectional observational study with 181 of institutionalized elders. From the initial sample we selected 50 subjects (68–99 years) who met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Our goals were (1) to analyse the relationship between tactile discrimination (TD) of the hand, avoidance behaviours and attitudes towards social touch (BATST) and phenotype frailty criteria (unintentional weight loss, self-perception of exhaustion, decrease grip strength GS, slow walking speed, low level of physical activity), (2) to explore whether other variables can contribute to explain the differences between pre-frail and frail elders. The results showed that increasing age is related to decline of TD of the hand (p = 0.021) and to decrease in GS (p = 0.025); women have significantly lower level of GS (p = 0.001); TD decrease is correlated with higher avoidance BATST (p = 0.000) and with lower GS (p = 0.000); Lower GS corresponds to more avoidance BATST (p = 0.003). Hand TD also can differentiate frail and pre-frail elderly subjects in this sample (p = 0.037). Decreased TD of the hand may have implications on the functionality and on interpersonal relationships. TD of the hand also explains frailty levels in this sample. Hand TD should be used in assessment and intervention protocols in pre-frail and frail elders.
- Caracterização funcional de uma população idosa: A perspetiva integrada da avaliação em Fisioterapia e em Terapia da FalaPublication . Vieira, Ana Isabel; Nogueira, Dália; Bivar, Isabel; Rosado, Maria Da LapaIntrodução: A fragilidade é uma síndrome multidimensional que aumenta a vulnerabilidade da pessoa, diminui as reservas fisiológicas e aumenta o declínio funcional associado a mudanças das múltiplas funções do corpo. Importa perceber de que modo o declínio das funções motoras e da comunicação -cognição se interligam e de que modo se explicam mutuamente. Objectivos: (1) i) Caracterizar uma população idosa de acordo com as suas variáveis sociodemográficas, cognição, síndrome de fragilidade segundo o fenótipo (força da mão, velocidade da marcha, perda de peso, sensação subjetiva de exaustão e diminuição da atividade física), número de quedas e medo de cair, diadocinésia dos órgãos motores orofaciais, fluência verbal, deglutição e audição ii) Analisar a relação entre as variáveis na perspetiva integrada e multidisciplinar das várias funções do corpo. Método: Estudo observacional, transversal, descritivo e correlacional realizado em três instituições que prestam cuidados a uma população idosa. Foram selecionados, numa primeira fase, cinquenta participantes (de acordo com os critérios de inclusão para avaliação da fragilidade) de entre 181 residentes e aplicados instrumentos de avaliação, de acordo com as variáveis em estudo por fisioterapeutas e terapeutas da fala devidamente treinados para o efeito. Resultados: Os grupos foram definidos, de acordo com os resultados, entre frágeis e pré-frágeis verificando-se uma relação significativa entre a o desempenho diadococinético dos órgãos motores orofaciais e a velocidade da marcha. Conclusões: O estudo revela que existe uma relação significativa entre o desempenho das funções do corpo, aparentemente distintas, remetendo para uma abordagem menos setorial, mais holística e baseada em evidência.
- Grandfather international : a cross-country comparison of an older people integrated assessment Portugal and ItalyPublication . Bivar, Isabel; Casarani, A; Di Berardino, Federica; Ginocchio, Daniela; Nogueira, Dália; Reis, Elisabeth; Rosado, Maria Da Lapa; Schindler, A; Vieira, Ana IsabelScientists theorize that aging likely results from a combination of many factors. Genes, lifestyle and disease can all affect the rate of ageing. Studies have indicated that people age at different rates and in different ways. Frailty is a state of increased vulnerability with multisystem loss of physiologic reserves and decreased response to stressors, predicting adverse health outcomes. The phenotype of frailty is characterized by: unintentional weight loss, self-reported exhaustion, weakness (low grip strength), slow walking speed and low physical activity. From our knowledge no studies were found that relate the frailty, hearing, the executive functions of language, speech rate and also the swallowing process. The research question is as follows: Is there any relation between frailty speech, language, hearing and swallow? This study is part of a project between Italy and Portugal involving professionals from various fields.