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- A flexible, low-cost and algorithm-independent calibrator for automated blood pressure measuring devicesPublication . Dias Pereira, José Miguel Costa; Ribeiro, Gonçalo; Postolache, OctavianArterial hypertension is one of the most important public health problems, especially in developed countries. The quality and calibration of blood pressure (BP) equipment used for non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) measurement are essential to obtain accurate data that support correct medical diagnostics. This paper includes the hardware and software description of a flexible, low-cost and algorithm-independent calibrator prototype that can be used for the static and dynamic calibration of automated blood pressure measuring devices (ABPMDs). In the context of this paper, the meaning of calibrator flexibility is mainly related to its ability to adapt or change easily in response to different situations in terms of the calibration of ABPMDs that can use a variety of calibration settings without the need to use specific oscillometric curves from different ABPMD manufacturers. The hardware part of the calibrator includes mainly an electro-pneumatic regulator, used to generate dynamic pressure signals with arbitrary waveforms, amplitudes and frequencies, a pressure sensor, remotely connected through a pneumatic tube to the blood pressure (BP) cuff, a blood pressure release valve and analog conditioning circuits, plus the A/D converter. The software part of the calibrator, mainly developed in LabVIEW 20, enables the simulation of oscillometric pressure pulses with different envelope profiles and the implementation of the main algorithms that are typically used to evaluate systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure values. Simulation and experimental results that were obtained validate the theoretical expectations and show a very acceptable level of accuracy and performance of the presented NIBP calibrator prototype. The prototype calibration results were also validated using a certified NIBP calibrator that is frequently used in clinical environments.
- Presence of gluten and soy derived excipients in medicinal products and their implications on allergen safety and labelingPublication . Figueiredo, Alexandra; Auxtero, Maria Deolinda; Brás, Adriana; Casimiro, Andreia; Costa, Isabel MargaridaGluten and soy allergies are significant health concerns, particularly in individuals with celiac disease or soy sensitivity. While dietary sources of these allergens are well-studied, their presence in medicinal products remains under-explored. This study assessed the prevalence of gluten and soy-derived excipients in 308 medicinal products authorized for marketing in Portugal. A systematic search of the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) database was conducted for 108 analgesics and antipyretics containing paracetamol, 85 NSAIDs containing ibuprofen, and 115 antiasthmatic and bronchodilator medicinal products. The study found significant associations between pharmacotherapeutic groups and the presence of these allergens (p < 0.001). Gluten was more prevalent in the group of analgesics and antipyretics (44.4%) than in NSAIDs (8.2%), whereas soy-derived excipients were more frequent in NSAIDs (14%) than in analgesics and antipyretics (6.5%). No excipients containing gluten or soy were identified in antiasthmatic and bronchodilator medicinal products. In analgesics and antipyretics, 51.2% of solid oral dosage forms and 40% of liquid oral formulations contained gluten. Within the NSAIDs group, gluten was mainly present in liquid oral dosage forms (26.7%). Soy-derived excipients were found in 30% of liquid oral formulations and in 33.3% of rectal dosage forms of analgesics and antipyretics. In the NSAIDs group, soy was more prevalent in liquid oral formulations (26.7%). These findings highlight the need for clearer labeling of allergens in medicinal products and underscore the importance of vigilance for patients with gluten or soy allergies. Further research is required to address gaps in allergen disclosure by pharmaceutical manufacturers and to promote safer medicinal product use for sensitive populations. Enhanced awareness among healthcare providers and patients is essential to mitigate the risk of allergic reactions associated with hidden excipients in medicinal products.
- Plano de comunicação integrada de marketing aplicado à marca digitalde educação Teu Resumo no contexto PoliempreendePublication . Gosch, Raísa Moreira; Baía, João PauloEste projeto visa construir um plano de comunicação integrada de marketing para aplicação a uma nova marca digital de educação Teu Resumo. Esta oportunidade surge da necessidade de construir um plano de comunicação que inclua uma estratégia de comunicação alternativa adapta ao atual contexto, de uma forma coesa e coerente, para inserir e dar notoriedade a respectiva imagem, identidade da marca, estimulando o envolvimento dos públicos pré-definidos nas ações de comunicação propostas. Neste sentido, o plano foi sustentado com base na metodologia definida à priori, tornando-se possível definir ações suportadas pelos resultados obtidos na participação da equipa Teu Resumo no IPStartup, concurso do Poliempreende no ano de 2023. Inicialmente, foi realizada uma análise e coleta de dados antes e durante o concurso, possibilitando determinar os pontos fortes e fracos, as oportunidades e as ameaças. Como resultado foi elaborado um plano de comunicação integrada de marketing utilizando ferramentas do mix de comunicação, a publicidade (através dos panfletos, banners) e o marketing digital (através das redes sociais, website) e relações públicas e eventos com o objetivo de transmitir a mensagem da Teu Resumo de forma eficaz e divulgar as ações dos serviços. Posteriormente, foram definidos os objetivos de marketing, o público-alvo e a estratégia, de forma a orientar as táticas propostas. Finalmente, o plano é concluído com um orçamento estimado, uma proposta de implementação e medidas de avaliação.
- A organização de rotinas promotoras de autonomia na creche e jardim de infânciaPublication . Miranda, Joana Raquel Peixoto; Lemos, ÂngelaO presente Relatório do Projeto de Investigação tem como finalidade a compreensão do impacto das rotinas diárias em creche e jardim de infância para a promoção da autonomia das crianças de modo a identificar estratégias de intervenção que possibilitem a promoção da autonomia e participação das crianças. Este estudo relata intervenções pedagógicas implementadas ao longo dos períodos de estágio assim como reflexões destas mesmas intervenções que podem ser utilizadas pelas equipas pedagógicas de forma a potenciar a autonomia das crianças através das rotinas. Para a elaboração deste relatório de projeto a metodologia utilizada foi o paradigma interpretativo, a abordagem qualitativa e a investigação ação. Com recurso a diversos procedimentos de recolha e analise de dados, tais como: a observação participante, as notas de campo, os registos fotográficos e a análise documental dos projetos pedagógicos de sala. Por último, o projeto relata observações e vivências experienciadas no decorrer dos estágios em ambos os contextos de estágio (creche e jardim-de-infância). As intervenções descritas e analisadas neste projeto, foram selecionadas de acordo com o tema do mesmo. Deste modo, ao interpretá-las é possível compreender que as rotinas em ambos os contextos devem ser organizadas de forma cuidadosa, previsível, porém flexível e participativa de forma a potenciar o desenvolvimento da autonomias as crianças. Aspetos como: a possibilidade de escolha nas atividades, a participação das crianças nas tomadas de decisões do grupo, o envolvimento das crianças nas tarefas do seu dia a dia como organização dos materiais, os seus cuidados pessoais de higiene são promotores do desenvolvimento de autonomia, independência e responsabilidade das crianças.
- Defesa Nacional / Seminário "Defesa Nacional" [VI]Publication . Rato, Vasco; Pires, Nuno Lemos; Martins, Bruno Oliveira; Pinto, Marco Filipe Morais; Ramos, António Fontes; Reis, Liliana; Xavier, Ana Isabel; Nunes, Isabel Ferreira; Seminário de Defesa Nacional 'Cooperar e Coordenar em Defesa'; Instituto da Defesa NacionalO VI Seminário de Defesa Nacional, realizado no Instituto da Defesa Nacional (IDN) em Lisboa, no dia 10 de dezembro de 2024, ofereceu um espaço de reflexão e debate sobre a execução da política de Defesa Nacional, centrando-se no tema “Cooperar e Coordenar em Defesa”. Este relatório sintetiza as conclusões e recomendações geradas, utilizando uma metodologia e técnicas de Lições Aprendidas, com o objetivo de apoiar decisões estratégicas e políticas.
- The documentation used by the nurses during the transition from the hospital to the community setting: A scoping reviewPublication . Ferreira, Rafael Paulino Cruz Matos; Narciso, Beatriz Ferreira; Ramos, Afonso; Mendes, Sara; Palma, Sara; Ferreira, Óscar Manuel Ramos; Baixinho, Cristina LavaredaAim: This study aimed to identify the content of documentation used between hospital and community care and describe the communication mechanisms that allow the continuity of care. Design: We conducted a scoping review following the JBI recommendations. Methods: The sources of the information used were obtained from the MEDLINE and CINAHL databases (via EBSCO), Web of Science, SCOPUS, Joanna Briggs Institute and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Additionally, grey literature was included. The databases searched from 2018 to 2023 for articles written in English and Portuguese. Two researchers independently screened articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a third researcher adjudicated disagreements. Results: We retrieved 3217 articles, of which 5 were included. Six themes were summarised from these articles: Communication and information between clinical practice environments; Discharge letter content; The use of technologies in healthcare communication; Client empowerment in information communication; Factors hindering the safe transition of information between hospital and community; and Benefits of secure information transition between hospital and community. Implications for the profession and/or patient care: The results allow systematisation of the information that should accompany the person at the time of discharge to ensure the continuity of transitional care, including the patient/family's own perception of their difficulties and needs. Reporting method: PRISMA 2020.
- Recordando Adam Smith nos 250 anos da Riqueza das Nações (1776)Publication . Cardoso, José Luís; Academia das Ciências de LisboaCelebra-se em 2026 o V jubileu da publicação da Riqueza das Nações de Adam Smith (1723–1790). Este é um livro que preenche os requisitos de grandeza, abrangência, renovação e transformação do conhecimento que poucas obras, no âmbito das ciências humanas e sociais, lograram obter. Sem sombra de qualquer dúvida, é um dos livros mais marcantes na história da cultura europeia e universal de todos os tempos. Por ocasião dos 250 anos da sua publicação, recordam-se neste texto os principais atributos e significados da Riqueza das Nações, assim como do pensamento inovador do seu autor.
- Acute effects of commercial group exercise classes on arterial stiffness and cardiovagal modulation in healthy young and middle-aged adults : a crossover randomized trialPublication . Melo, Xavier; Lopes, Adma; Coelho, Raquel; Simão, Bruno; Oliveira, Isabel; Marôco, João L.; Laranjo, Sérgio; Fernhall, Bo; Santa-Clara, HelenaBackground: Arterial stiffness and cardiac autonomic function are crucial indicators of cardiovascular health. Acute exercise and age impact these parameters, but research often focuses on specific exercise activities, lacking ecological validity. Methods: We examined the acute effects of commercially available group fitness classes (indoor cycling, resistance training, combined exercise) on arterial stiffness and vagal-related heart rate variability (HRV) indices in twelve young and twelve middle-aged adults. Participants attended four sessions, including exercise and control conditions, with measurements taken at rest and during recovery. Results: Middle-aged, but not young adults, showed reductions in central and peripheral systolic blood pressure 20-min into recovery across all exercise modalities (range: -7 to -8 mmHg p < 0.05). However, arterial stiffness remained unchanged. Similarly, vagal-related HRV indices (range: -0.51 to -0.90 ms, p < 0.05) and BRS (-4.03, p < 0.05) were reduced immediately after exercise, with differences persisting 30 min into recovery only after indoor cycling. Resistance and combined exercise elicited similar cardiovagal modulation and delayed baroreflex sensitivity recovery to cycling exercise, despite higher energy expenditure during indoor cycling (+87 to +129 kcal, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Acute group fitness classes induce age-dependent alterations in blood pressure, but not in arterial stiffness or cardiovagal modulation. While the overall cardiovascular effects were generally consistent, differences in autonomic recovery were observed between exercise modes, with prolonged effects seen after indoor cycling. This suggests that exercise prescription should consider both age and exercise modality, as well as recovery time. The findings also emphasize the importance of ecological validity in exercise interventions, highlighting that acute effects on cardiovascular health in real-world settings may differ from those observed in controlled laboratory environments (ID: NCT06616428).
- Assessing frailty in the older : the role of bite force as an independent indicatorPublication . Ferreira, Luciano Maia Alves; Brito, José; Silva, Josie Resende Torres da; Silva, Marcelo Lourenço da; Andrade, Maia e Maia Fischel e; Júdice, André; Mendes, José João; Machado, Vanessa; Botelho, João; Regalo, Simone Cecílio HallakBackground: This study investigates the relationship between bite force and grip strength as indicators of frailty in older adults. Frailty syndrome, characterized by increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes, poses significant challenges in geriatric care. Objectives: This research builds on previous findings linking oral health to frailty risk, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions. Methods: A total of 59 older participants, aged 60 years and older, were enrolled in this cross-sectional study conducted at the Egas Moniz School of Health and Science. The participants underwent assessments of bite force using an electric dynamometer and grip strength using a specialized device. Body composition was also measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Results: Statistical analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between bite force and grip strength, even after adjusting for age and body mass index (BMI). Age was significantly correlated with bite and grip force (p < 0.05), while BMI was correlated only with handgrip force but not with bite force (coefficient = −0.047, p = 0.737). Notably, bite force was found to be independent of BMI, unlike grip strength, which is generally influenced by body composition. This independence highlights the potential of bite force as a reliable and distinct marker for frailty that is not confounded by BMI-related factors. This study highlights the importance of oral health in maintaining overall well-being in older adults. Reduced bite force may indicate an increased risk of frailty, which can lead to malnutrition and decreased quality of life. These findings suggest that integrating bite force measurements into clinical assessments may improve the assessment of frailty and inform interventions aimed at improving health outcomes in the older population. Conclusions: This research provides new insights into the association between bite force and grip strength, emphasizing the unique value of bite force as an independent marker of frailty. It advocates for further studies to explore its role in geriatric care strategies.
- Changing life expectancy in European countries 1990–2021 : a subanalysis of causes and risk factors from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021Publication . GBD 2021 Europe Life Expectancy CollaboratorsBackground: Decades of steady improvements in life expectancy in Europe slowed down from around 2011, well before the COVID-19 pandemic, for reasons which remain disputed. We aimed to assess how changes in risk factors and cause-specific death rates in different European countries related to changes in life expectancy in those countries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We used data and methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to compare changes in life expectancy at birth, causes of death, and population exposure to risk factors in 16 European Economic Area countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden) and the four UK nations (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales) for three time periods: 1990–2011, 2011–19, and 2019–21. Changes in life expectancy and causes of death were estimated with an established life expectancy cause-specific decomposition method, and compared with summary exposure values of risk factors for the major causes of death influencing life expectancy. Findings: All countries showed mean annual improvements in life expectancy in both 1990–2011 (overall mean 0·23 years [95% uncertainty interval [UI] 0·23 to 0·24]) and 2011–19 (overall mean 0·15 years [0·13 to 0·16]). The rate of improvement was lower in 2011–19 than in 1990–2011 in all countries except for Norway, where the mean annual increase in life expectancy rose from 0·21 years (95% UI 0·20 to 0·22) in 1990–2011 to 0·23 years (0·21 to 0·26) in 2011–19 (difference of 0·03 years). In other countries, the difference in mean annual improvement between these periods ranged from –0·01 years in Iceland (0·19 years [95% UI 0·16 to 0·21] vs 0·18 years [0·09 to 0·26]), to –0·18 years in England (0·25 years [0·24 to 0·25] vs 0·07 years [0·06 to 0·08]). In 2019–21, there was an overall decrease in mean annual life expectancy across all countries (overall mean –0·18 years [95% UI –0·22 to –0·13]), with all countries having an absolute fall in life expectancy except for Ireland, Iceland, Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, which showed marginal improvement in life expectancy, and Belgium, which showed no change in life expectancy. Across countries, the causes of death responsible for the largest improvements in life expectancy from 1990 to 2011 were cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms. Deaths from cardiovascular diseases were the primary driver of reductions in life expectancy improvements during 2011–19, and deaths from respiratory infections and other COVID-19 pandemic-related outcomes were responsible for the decreases in life expectancy during 2019–21. Deaths from cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms in 2019 were attributable to high systolic blood pressure, dietary risks, tobacco smoke, high LDL cholesterol, high BMI, occupational risks, high alcohol use, and other risks including low physical activity. Exposure to these major risk factors differed by country, with trends of increasing exposure to high BMI and decreasing exposure to tobacco smoke observed in all countries during 1990–2021. Interpretation: The countries that best maintained improvements in life expectancy after 2011 (Norway, Iceland, Belgium, Denmark, and Sweden) did so through better maintenance of reductions in mortality from cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms, underpinned by decreased exposures to major risks, possibly mitigated by government policies. The continued improvements in life expectancy in five countries during 2019–21 indicate that these countries were better prepared to withstand the COVID-19 pandemic. By contrast, countries with the greatest slowdown in life expectancy improvements after 2011 went on to have some of the largest decreases in life expectancy in 2019–21. These findings suggest that government policies that improve population health also build resilience to future shocks. Such policies include reducing population exposure to major upstream risks for cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms, such as harmful diets and low physical activity, tackling the commercial determinants of poor health, and ensuring access to affordable health services.