Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2022-10-13"
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- The perceptions of sexual harassment among adolescents of four european countriesPublication . Sakellari, Evanthia; Berglund, Mari; Santala, Elina; Bacatum, Cláudia; Sousa, Edmundo; Aarnio, Heli; Kubiliutė, Laura; Prapas, Christos; Lagiou, AretiSexual harassment is a crucial public health issue among adolescents. In order to develop school health promotion programs, there is a need to involve adolescents themselves paying particular attention to their perceptions, beliefs, attitudes and practices. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the adolescents’ perceptions about sexual harassment as well as the ways it could be prevented. Four focus groups were conducted during an online “camp” in autumn 2021, facilitated by members of SHEHAP project research team. Participants were secondary school students from Finland, Greece, Lithuania and Portugal. The qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis. Concerning how participants perceive sexual harassment, the themes that emerged were: physically expressed sexual harassment; verbally expressed sexual harassment; virtually expressed sexual harassment; violation of self-determination. Virtual environment; school environment; public environment; familiar environment, were identified as the places where sexual harassment may occur. Finally, in regard to the participants’ views on the prevention of sexual harassment, the following themes emerged: youth education; adult education aiming teachers and parents; professional, peer and family support; official consequences; health education methods. The findings of the current study can be used for the development of school-based programs aiming to prevent sexual harassment among adolescents.
- Avaliação da precisão do CBCT na localização do canal mandibular : estudo comparativo em cadáveresPublication . Nobre, Miguel Remédios; Tavares, Vítor Glaziou; Oliveira, Pedro AntunesObjetivos: Avaliar a precisão do CBCT utilizado na Clínica Dentária Universitária Egas Moniz (CDUEM), com recurso a medições anatómicas diretas do canal mandibular num corte transversal em mandíbulas cadavéricas. Procura-se comparar cada um dos valores obtidos nas medições anatómicas com os fornecidos pelo CBCT nas mesmas localizações, avaliar a influência da presença de dentes na precisão do CBCT e procurar relações significativas entre as diferentes distâncias em zonas edêntulas e dentadas. Materiais e Métodos: Após o processo de seleção, foram utilizadas 8 cabeças de cadáver criopreservadas e 54 distâncias para comparação entre as medições cadavéricas e radiológicas obtidas pelo CBCT. Para cada uma das cabeças foi realizado um CBCT e posteriormente à sua disseção foram feitos 2 cortes transversais, 1 em cada hemi-arcada mandibular, obtendo-se visão direta para o canal mandibular, permitindo medir a sua distância a 4 pontos, à tábua óssea vestibular, lingual, ao bordo superior e inferior da mandibula. As mesmas 4 distâncias nos mesmos 2 cortes transversais foram depois medidas no CBCT. A análise das medições foi efetuada recorrendo à estatística descritiva e inferencial, para p<0,05. Resultados: Não se verificaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as medições anatómicas e as do CBCT. A presença de dentes no local de medição não revela afetar a precisão do CBCT. A distância do CM ao bordo superior mandibular é inferior em zonas edêntulas. Conclusão: O CBCT é um meio auxiliar de diagnóstico preciso e capaz de replicar fielmente os dados anatómicos reais. A ausência de peças dentárias provoca reabsorção óssea.
- Factors confounding oral health related quality of life questionnaires outcomes in elderly people : a systematic reviewPublication . Marques, Erika Justo; Tavares, Vítor Glaziou; Paulo, MascarenhasBackground: Oral health related quality of life can be evaluated by many validated questionnaires reported in the literature. However, some confounding variables can change the results of the questionnaires. To globally address this issue, we reviewed which confounding variables influence more the Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) questionnaires in elderly people outcomes, specifically the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP). Methods: The following databases we used for data collection: PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, Bon and Web of Science. The search strategy used was (("GOHAI") AND ("OHIP")) NOT ("Review"). Studies from 1st January 2001 to 15th January 2022 were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the “Methods commentary: Risk of bias in crosssectional surveys of attitudes and practice” (Agarwal et al., 2017) and the plots generated by the ROBVIS Tool. The results were subjected to randomeffects metaanalysis using the software Open Meta Analyst. Statistical results were considered significant if p<0.05. Results: In total, 197 articles were found. After removing duplicates, 125 articles remained. After the first screening by title and abstract, 40 articles were selected. After a second screening for inclusion criteria compliance (population over 60 years old without cognitive impairment and the use of the GOHAI and OHIP questionnaires), 8 articles including 1613 elderly patients were included. The metaanalysis revealed a substantial disparity between the results for both questionnaires. The confounding variable that had the most significant effect on OHRQoL in the elderly was xerostomia; however, the gross domestic product (the standard measure of the value added created by the production of products and services in a country over a specified period) did not appear to affect the outcomes. In addition, the questionnaires' sensitivity differs for each covariate: While the GOHAI was highly sensitive to the ratio of women to men, xerostomia, and the population human capital index, the OHIP14 was more sensitive to edentulism, denture use, and the population poverty index. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that some variables substantially affect the OHRQoL of elderly patients. Dentists and other health professionals must be aware of these variations to minimize their impact on treatment. Thus, the clinical approach to geriatric patients requires knowledge of evaluation tools, their domains, and sensitivity.
- A implementação do SNC-AP no Serviço Nacional SaúdePublication . Isabel da Costa Braz, Susana; Ramos, PedroA existência de referenciais contabilísticos autónomos para a administração central, local, e nomeadamente para cada ministério, demonstra a necessidade da implementação de um Normativo Contabilístico transversal a todas as Entidades da Administração Pública. O Decreto-lei n.º 85/2016, de 21 de dezembro, procede à alteração do Decreto-lei n.º 192/2015, de 11 de setembro, que aprova o SNC-AP, estabelecendo o dia 1 de janeiro de 2018 como a data de implementação do SNC-AP para todas as entidades que integram a Administração Pública. A presente dissertação visa, numa primeira parte analisar a implementação do novo normativo contabilístico no Sector da Saúde, e posteriormente efetuar a análise numa Unidade Hospitalar especifica, com o objetivo de analisar as dificuldades, obstáculos e constrangimentos com a implementação do SNC-AP e a submissão de contas neste referencial, no primeiro exercício em que foi aplicado, 2018. A metodologia adotada foi a qualitativa o que permitiu concluir que o processo de implementação do SNC-AP nas Instituições do SNS, foi moroso tendo-se verificado muitos constrangimentos e dificuldades.