ESEL - CIDNUR - Artigo cientifico
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- Gait ability and muscle strength in institutionalized older persons with and without cognitive decline and associatin with fallsPublication . Dixe, MA; Madeira, Carla; Alves, Silvia; Henriques, Maria Adriana; Baixinho, Cristina LavaredaFalls are a complex problem, given their multifactorial nature, the comorbidities involved, and due to the dependency of older persons living in nursing homes. Risk, fear of falling, falls themselves, and their recurrence are the main factors behind fragility fractures, lack of independence, and increases in pain prevalence, and other comorbidities in older populations. The objectives of the present quantitative and longitudinal study were: (a) to characterize the cognitive state and fall frequency of older persons living in nursing homes; (b) to analyze the relationship between cognitive status and some fall risk factors; and (c) to associate cognitive decline, gait ability, and muscle strength of the examined institutionalized older persons with fall occurrence and recurrence over 12 months. The participants were 204 older persons who lived in Portuguese nursing homes, and data were collected from January 2019 to February 2020 by consulting medical records and applying the following instruments: the Mini-Mental State Examination, Timed Up and Go Test, and Medical Research Council Manual Muscle Testing Scale. Fall prevalence, assessed in two periods, 12 months apart, was similar in both samples (with and without cognitive decline) and close to 42%, and the annual recurrence rate was 38.3%. Older persons with no cognitive decline showed an association between gait speed and occurrence of first fall and recurrent fall (p < 0.05). Muscle strength and use of gait aid devices were not related to falls and their recurrence, regardless of mental state
- The fear of falls in the caregivers of institutionalized eldersPublication . Baixinho, Cristina Lavareda; Dixe, MA; Henriques, Adriana; Marques-Vieira, Cristina; Sousa, LuísAims: To understand how the fear of falls emerges and manifests itself in caregivers of institutionalized elders. Method: It is a qualitative study, based on the Grounded Theory and carried out with 24 informal caregivers, 5 nurses, 2 physicians and 2 directors of two Portuguese nursing homes. Data collection took place through interviews, participant observation, and documentation analysis, between October 2016 and January 2018. Data was collected and analyzed simultaneously, following the stages of open, axial, and selective coding. Results: The comparative analysis of the findings identified the conceptual category “Fear of falls in the caregivers of institutionalized elders”. The main category is associated with the categories: maintaining safety, hidden fear of falls, the perceived self-efficacy in the prevention of falls, falls and interpersonal relations, previous experiences, and team support. Conclusions: The fear has an influence on the self-efficacy perceived in the prevention of falls; the quality of the teamwork, in turn, is affected by previous negative experiences and by the support of the team.
- Evaluation of the effectiveness of an intervention in a health team to prevent falls in hospitalized elderly peoplePublication . Cunha, Luis Filipe Correia da; Baixinho, Cristina Lavareda; Henriques, Maria Adriana; Sousa, Luís; Dixe, MAObjective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention program in practices and behaviors of a health team to prevent falls in hos pitalized elderly people. Method: This was an action, mixed-methods, and longitudinal study that applied an intervention based on TeamSTEPPS®, and organized into five domains: team training, communication, leadership, monitoring, and mutual support. The population was nurses and nursing aides who worked at the medical service of a Portuguese hospital center. Data were obtained by consulting process records and interviews, and by applying the Scale of Practices and Behaviors of Teams for Fall Prevention. Results: There was improvement in all indicators of the scale, with evident progress in discussion of risk factors and preventive measures to be implemented. Conclusion: This intervention promoted decision-making regarding the preventive measures to be applied to each elderly person and improved communication and the interest in identifying the causes of falls to prevent their recurrence.
- Propriedades psicométricas do Questionário Geral de Saúde 28 itens em enfermeiros:Publication . Seabra, Paulo; Capelas, ML; Lopes, Joaquim Manuel de Oliveira; Calado, Mariana; Pessoa, EzequielEnquadramento: A avaliação das propriedades psicométricas dos instrumentos de medida, quando aplicados em diferentes populações, é essencial. Objetivo: Analisar as propriedades psicométricas do Questionário de Saúde Geral 28 itens (GHQ28) em enfermeiros. Metodologia: Estudo metodológico de validação de instrumentos de medida. Análise das propriedades psicométricas, análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) pelo método dos componentes principais, e curva Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC), com uma amostra não probabilística de 1.264 enfermeiros. Resultados: A AFE propõe a manutenção de 4 fatores e eliminação de 4 itens em 3 dimensões (item 3,16, 21,26). A variância explicada pelos 4 fatores foi 61,5% e o alfa de Cronbach 0,93. Os resultados de saúde geral não sofreram variabilidade significativa após se retirarem os 4 itens. A curva ROC, comparando a versão 24 itens com a de 28, revelou uma área sob a curva (AUC) de 0,996 (p < 0,001) e ponto de corte 20,5, com uma sensibilidade de 96,3% e especificidade de 98,4%. Conclusão: A reavaliação das propriedades psicométricas do GHQ28 em enfermeiros, sugere redução para 24 itens
- Learning evidence based practice through involvement in investigation actiities:Publication . CARDOSO, MÁRIO; Baixinho, Cristina Lavareda; Ferreira, Óscar Manuel Ramos; Nascimento, Patricia; Pedrosa, Ana Rita; Gonçalves, PauloObjective: to understand how students perceive their involvement in investigation activities and how they contribute for the development of evidence-based practices. Method: qualitative, cross-sectional, descriptive, and exploratory study, carried out in Portugal, in August 2019. A focus group of eight participants was formed to answer the question: “What are the advantages of the participation of nursing students in investigations for the development of knowledge, attitudes, and performance in the use of evidence?” The software NVivo was used for a content analysis. Results: five categories and subcategories emerged from the qualitative analysis of findings: selflearning, integration of theory and practice, interdisciplinary work, evidence-based decision making, and scientific literacy. Conclusion: creating an effective learning experience helps building knowledge and can contribute for the health of the community, for improved educational results during the internship, and for the development of the abilities necessary for Evidence Based Practice.
- Conversational Agents for Health and Well-being Across the Life Course:Publication . Pereira Guerreiro, Mara; Angelini, Leonardo; Henriques, Helga; El Kamali, Mira; Baixinho, Cristina Lavareda; Balsa, Joao; Félix, Isa Brito; ABOU KHALED, Omar; Carmo, Maria Beatriz; Cláudio, Ana Paula; Caon, Maurizio; Daher, Karl; Alexandre, Bruno Venâncio; Padinha, Mafalda; Mugellini, ElenaBackground: Conversational agents, which we defined as computer programs that are designed to simulate two-way human conversation by using language and are potentially supplemented with nonlanguage modalities, offer promising avenues for health interventions for different populations across the life course. There is a lack of open-access and user-friendly resources for identifying research trends and gaps and pinpointing expertise across international centers. Objective: Our aim is to provide an overview of all relevant evidence on conversational agents for health and well-being across the life course. Specifically, our objectives are to identify, categorize, and synthesize—through visual formats and a searchable database—primary studies and reviews in this research field. Methods: An evidence map was selected as the type of literature review to be conducted, as it optimally corresponded to our aim. We systematically searched 8 databases (MEDLINE; CINAHL; Web of Science; Scopus; the Cochrane, ACM, IEEE, and Joanna Briggs Institute databases; and Google Scholar). We will perform backward citation searching on all included studies. The first stage of a double-stage screening procedure, which was based on abstracts and titles only, was conducted by using predetermined eligibility criteria for primary studies and reviews. An operational screening procedure was developed for streamlined and consistent screening across the team. Double data extraction will be performed with previously piloted data collection forms. We will appraise systematic reviews by using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2. Primary studies and reviews will be assessed separately in the analysis. Data will be synthesized through descriptive statistics, bivariate statistics, and subgroup analysis (if appropriate) and through high-level maps such as scatter and bubble charts. The development of the searchable database will be informed by the research questions and data extraction forms. Results: As of April 2021, the literature search in the eight databases was concluded, yielding a total of 16,351 records. The first stage of screening, which was based on abstracts and titles only, resulted in the selection of 1282 records of primary studies and 151 records of reviews. These will be subjected to second-stage screening. A glossary with operational definitions for supporting the study selection and data extraction stages was drafted. The anticipated completion date is October 2021. Conclusions: Our wider definition of a conversational agent and the broad scope of our evidence map will explicate trends and gaps in this field of research. Additionally, our evidence map and searchable database of studies will help researchers to avoid fragmented research efforts and wasteful redundancies. Finally, as part of the Harnessing the Power of Conversational e-Coaches for Health and Well-being Through Swiss-Portuguese Collaboration project, our work will also inform the development of an international taxonomy on conversational agents for health and well-being, thereby contributing to terminology standardization and categorization.
- Being a nursing student in times of COVID-19Publication . Baixinho, Cristina Lavareda; Ferreira, Óscar Manuel RamosAim: To understand how the pandemic has affected nursing students in clinical teaching contexts. Method: This was a qualitative, exploratory, cross-sectional, and descriptive study. The participants were five newly graduated nurses who had completed the last clinical internship of their program during the COVID-19 pandemic. The narratives were analyzed using content analysis. Results: Five categories emerged: Difficulties felt in integration; difficulties in completing clinical internship; the influence of the pandemic on students’ expectations regarding the clinical internship for integration into professional life; fears related to COVID-19, and suggestions for training nursing graduates to prepare them to manage pandemic situations. Conclusions and implications for practice: The clinical internship was experienced with anxiety, fear, and pressure to achieve the skills required for professional practice, with the possible support provided by clinical supervisors, who were also under pressure given the increased work overload caused by the pandemic. The study allows for recommendations for the area of nursing education and research.
- Evaluation of fall risk factors present during institutionalization of elderly peoplePublication . Baixinho, Cristina Lavareda; Dixe, MAObjectives: to describe the development and validation of the Scale of Practices of Evaluation of Fall Risk Factors during Institutionalization of Elderly People and to describe the practices of evaluation of communication of fall risks to institutionalized elderly people. Methods: methodological study, which allowed construction and determination of the psychometric properties of the Scale of Practices of Evaluation of Fall Risk Factors during Institutionalization of Elderly People, which was carried out in six long-term care institutions for elderly people, in 2018. Results: the scale showed satisfactory internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.949. It was designed to have three dimensions: practices of evaluation of biophysiological risk factors; practices of communication and training; and practices of evaluation of risks related to elderly people’s putting on clothing and footwear. Conclusions: the risk factors that had their value recognized were related to mobility. There is not proper recognition of the importance of information about fall risk factors and communication between elderly people and health teams during institutionalization.
- Algorithm for transitional care for caregivers of dependent older adults: a validation studyPublication . Gomes, Thawanna; Ferreira, Bruna; Baixinho, Cristina Lavareda; Ferreira, Óscar Manuel RamosObjective: To construct and validate an algorithm for transitional care for caregivers of dependent older adults. Method: This was a methodological study developed in three phases: a literature review, designing an algorithm, and its validation by a peer panel with twenty seven experts selected according to pre-defined inclusion criteria. Results: The algorithm predicted interventions in transitional care (hospital stay, at discharge, and 30 days at home post-discharge) aimed at the exercise of the caregiver role; needs assessment; training in care management of dependent older adults and management of self-care, and ensuring continuity of care (of older adults and caregivers). Conclusion: Agreement between expert raters and a reliability test of 0.92 indicate that the algorithm can be used by professionals to decide the transitional care interventions to be administered to the caregivers of dependent older adults. Future studies should be conducted to perform its clinical validation.
- Effectiveness of Social Prescribing Programs in the PrimaryHealth-Care Context:Publication . Costa, Andreia; Sousa, Carla Joana; Seabra, Paulo; Virgolino, Ana; Santos, Osvaldo; Lopes, Joaquim Manuel de Oliveira; Henriques, Maria Adriana; Nogueira, Paulo; Alarcão, VioletaSocial prescribing (SP) is an approach that promotes the use of local non-clinical activities by people. The referral is usually made by primary health-care professionals, in a process wherein local providers play a pivotal role. The main objective of this study was to identify domains of intervention and evidence about the effectiveness of SP programs regarding health-related outcomes. A systematic literature review was carried out following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, CINHAL, and SCOPUS. Inclusion criteria of the reviewed papers were as follows: (i) effectiveness studies of interventions designated as SP or interventions entailing SP conceptual components; (ii) interventions with adults. Quality assessment was performed with the Cochrane tool for assessing risk of bias in randomized trials; an assessment tool developed by the US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute was applied to observational studies. Overall, 13 articles were included for analysis, with a total of 4603 patients. Although three studies comprised a control group, only two followed a randomized controlled trials (RCT) design. Nine principal domains of intervention within SP were identified, with three categories of outcome measures: Physical and psychological wellbeing; Health behaviors and self-efficacy; and Health care resources end economic evaluation. SP is an emergent and promising health-care intervention, and it has been used to promote different health behaviors. Evidence of SP effectiveness on patient’s health and wellbeing is not strong. Further research is needed for understanding how SP can be applied efficiently.