Percorrer por autor "Santos-Costa, Paulo"
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- Effectiveness of an individual cognitive stimulation program for older adults with cognitive impairmentPublication . Rodrigues, Joana Filipa Cunha; Santos, Diana Gabriela Simões Marques dos; Rocha, Susana Maria Moreira da; Carvalho, Carla Isabel Mota de; Santos-Costa, Paulo; Gil, Isabel Maria de Assunção; Silva, Rosa Carla Gomes; Silva, Rosa Carla Gomes daBackground: The number of people with dementia increases significantly with age. However, non-pharmacological interventions, such as cognitive stimulation, can slow this process down. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of individual cognitive stimulation interventions on the cognition, quality of life, and neuropsychiatric symptoms of older adults with dementia, as well as on the quality of the relationship between the older adult with dementia and the caregiver. Methodology: A 12-week quasi-experimental study was conducted. The cognitive stimulation program “Make a Difference 3” was administered to older adults with dementia living in the community. Outcomes of interest were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: There were statistically significant improvements in neuropsychiatric symptoms (p = 0.042) and cognition (p = 0.038) after the program was administered. Conclusion: This type of intervention should be widely disseminated and administered as it promotes gains in older adults with cognitive impairment.
- Effectiveness of Caregiver-Provided Individual Cognitive Interventions in Older Adults with DementiaPublication . Silva, Rosa; Bobrowicz-Campos, Elzbieta; Santos-Costa, Paulo; Cardoso, Remy; Bernardo, Joana; Santana, Elaine; Almeida, Inês; Loureiro, Ricardo; Cardoso, Daniela; Apóstolo, JoãoBackground: In a society increasingly committed to promoting an active life in the community, new resources are needed to respond to the needs of citizens with Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia. The potential of several individual cognitive interventions to be provided by caregivers has been explored in the literature. Objective: To synthesize the best available evidence on the effectiveness of caregiver-provided individual cognitive interventions in older adults with dementia. Methods: Systematic review of experimental studies on individual cognitive interventions for older adults with dementia. An initial search of MEDLINE and CINAHL was undertaken. Another search for published and unpublished studies was performed on major healthcare-related online databases in March 2018 and updated in August 2022. This review considered studies that included older adults with dementia, aged 60 years and over. All studies that met the inclusion criteria were assessed for methodological quality using a JBI standardized critical appraisal checklist. Data were extracted using a JBI data extraction form for experimental studies. Results: Eleven studies were included: eight randomized controlled trials and three quasi-experimental studies. Caregiver-provided individual cognitive interventions had several beneficial effects in cognitive domains, including memory, verbal fluency, attention, problem-solving, and autonomy in activities of daily living. Conclusion: These interventions were associated with moderate improvements in cognitive performance and benefits in activities of daily living. The findings highlight the potential of caregiver-provided individual cognitive interventions for older adults with dementia.
- Evidence-based practice in peripheral intravenous catheterization: The road ahead in PortugalPublication . Santos-Costa, Paulo; Ray-Barruel, Gillian; Rodríguez-Calero, Miguel Ángel; Blanco-Mavillard, Ian; Hernon, Orlaith; Carr, Peter J.Vascular access is a rapidly evolving field in modern healthcare that presents challenges across diverse clinical settings. Recent data indicate shortcomings in peripheral vascular access care for patients and nurses in Portugal. Objective: Given the ongoing challenges faced by Portuguese nurses in providing quality care to patients requiring peripheral intravenous access, we aim to identify and discuss potential ways forward in this field Main topics under analysis: The advancement of the field in Portugal involves the development of a clinical standard of care for peripheral intravenous catheterization in pediatric and adult patients, as well as the formal recognition of vascular access as an enhanced nursing competency. Additionally, a long-term focus on institutional initiatives to establish permanent Vascular Access Specialist Teams in Portuguese primary and tertiary care settings is recommended. Conclusion: The proposed pathways are consistent with the current evidence-based, patient-centered nursing care paradigm, as well as with international calls to action on fostering efficient, sustainable, and safe patient care.
- Nursing Professional Self-Concept: A Scoping Review ProtocolPublication . Almeida, Inês Franco; Bernardes, Rafael Alves; Sousa, Liliana Baptista; Santos-Costa, Paulo; Silva, Rosa / Silva, Rosa Carla Gomes da; Bernardo, Joana; Santana, Elaine; Rosa, AmorimNurses are considered one of the largest professional groups in healthcare, generating positive health outcomes for people at various stages of life. A significant impact on the construction of the professional self—or professional self-concept—is considered to exist through the educational process, influenced by factors such as the family and societal expectations often presented by teachers, tutors, and peers. Improving professional self-concept in nursing can offer specific gains in personal, relational, social, and interpersonal communication skills, favoring evolution in the academic and clinical path. This scoping review aims to map the literature related to the state of knowledge regarding professional self-concept in nursing. This scoping review will follow JBI recommendations with the PCC mnemonic and report its findings through PRISMA-ScR using a specific instrument made by the researchers. Providing healthcare complying with high scientific standards requires the professional to have enough self-confidence in his work and skills. The explicit acknowledgement of professional self-concept is essential for any educational tutor or experienced mentor to promote mental health and academic and professional performance.
- Nursing Students' Perceptions of a Novel Education Approach to Prevention and Control of Healthcare-Associated Infections: Insights from PrevInf Pilot StudyPublication . Santos-Costa, Paulo; Paiva-Santos, Filipe; Graveto, João; PrevInf GroupHealthcare-associated infections (HAIs) pose a significant global threat, particularly in developing regions such as Southeast Asia. International bodies emphasize the role of formal undergraduate training in the prevention and control of HAIs. To address this, we aimed to explore the perceptions of Southeast Asian nursing students regarding a novel educational approach developed by a European–Southeast Asian project consortium. Methods: A pilot study was conducted in four nursing higher education institutions from Cambodia and Vietnam. First, local nursing educators conducted a 2 h classroom-based training session. Then, students were invited to participate for the first time in one of twelve evidence-based simulation scenarios developed by the research team, covering a range of nursing care situations related to the prevention and control of HAIs. After attending both components, students were asked to complete a paper-based questionnaire and rate their agreement with a set of statements on the appropriateness and meaningfulness of both components. Results: A total of 430 nursing students enrolled in the pilot study; 77.4% were female, with an average age of 19.8 years. The PrevInf educational intervention received positive feedback from participating students across settings, with strong agreement on the importance of proactiveness in competency development (M = 5.9, SD = 1.4). Notable differences between Cambodian and Vietnamese students were observed in terms of their receptiveness to the pre-selected teaching materials (p = 0.001) and strategies (p = 0.01) used by the nursing educators during their experience with the simulation scenarios. Conclusions: The PrevInf educational intervention shows promise in engaging Southeast Asian nursing students and fostering a deeper understanding of the prevention and control of HAIs. Further studies are warranted to refine the learning content and standardize the pedagogical strategies used by nursing educators across settings. This study was not registered.
- Short peripheral venous catheters contamination and the dangers of bloodstream infection in Portugal: an analytic studyPublication . Osório, Nádia; Oliveira, Vânia; Costa, Maria Inês; Santos-Costa, Paulo; Serambeque, Beatriz; Gama, Fernando; Adriano, David; Graveto, João; Parreira, Pedro; Salgueiro-Oliveira, AnabelaPeripheral venous catheters (PVCs) are the most used vascular access devices in the world. However, failure rates remain considerably high, with complications such as PVC-related infections posing significant threats to patients’ well-being. In Portugal, studies evaluating the contamination of these vascular medical devices and characterizing the associated microorganisms are scarce and lack insight into potential virulence factors. To address this gap, we analyzed 110 PVC tips collected in a large tertiary hospital in Portugal. Experiments followed Maki et al.’s semi-quantitative method for microbiological diagnosis. Staphylococcus spp. were subsequently studied for the antimicrobial susceptibility profile by disc diffusion method and based on the cefoxitin phenotype, were further classified into strains resistant to methicillin. Screening for the mecA gene was also done by a polymerase chain reaction and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)-vancomycin as determined by E-test, proteolytic and hemolytic activity on skimmed milk 1% plate and blood agar, respectively. The biofilm formation was evaluated on microplate reading through iodonitrotetrazolium chloride 95% (INT). Overall, 30% of PVCs were contaminated, and the most prevalent genus was Staphylococcus spp., 48.8%. This genus presented resistance to penicillin (91%), erythromycin (82%), ciprofloxacin (64%), and cefoxitin (59%). Thus, 59% of strains were considered resistant to methicillin; however, we detected the mecA gene in 82% of the isolates tested. Regarding the virulence factors, 36.4% presented α-hemolysis and 22.7% β-hemolysis, 63.6% presented a positive result for the production of proteases, and 63.6% presented a biofilm formation capacity. Nearly 36.4% were simultaneously resistant to methicillin and showed expression of proteases and/or hemolysins, biofilm formation, and the MIC to vancomycin were greater than 2 µg/mL. Conclusion: PVCs were mainly contaminated with Staphylococcus spp., with high pathogenicity and resistance to antibiotics. The production of virulence factors strengthens the attachment and the permanence to the catheter’s lumen. Quality improvement initiatives are needed to mitigate such results and enhance the quality and safety of the care provided in this field.