Browsing by Author "Rodrigues, Ana Paula"
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- Crise Económica em Portugal: Evolução da Incidência de Depressão e Correlação com o DesempregoPublication . Coelho, Inês Laplanche; Sousa-Uva, Mafalda; Pina, Nuno; Marques, Sara; Matias-Dias, Carlos; Rodrigues, Ana PaulaIntroduction: Previous studies have found an increase in the incidence rate of depression between 2007 – 2013 in Portugal, with a positive correlation with the unemployment rate, namely, in men. So, it was hypothesized that this increase is related with the situation of economic crisis. This study aimed to investigate if the correlation between unemployment rates and the incidence of depression is maintained in the post-crisis period of economic recovery in Portugal (2016 – 2018). Material and Methods: An ecological study was carried out, using data from the General Practitioners Sentinel Network concerning depression incidence (first episodes and relapses) and data from the National Statistics Institute on unemployment rates in the Portuguese population. The correlation coefficient was estimated using linear regression and the results were disaggregated by sex. Results: Between 2016 and 2018, there was a consistent decrease in the incidence of depression in both sexes. During the 1995 – 2018 period, a positive correlation was observed between unemployment and depression, with a coefficient of 0.833 (p = 0.005) in males and of 0.742 (p = 0.022) in females. Discussion: The reduction in the incidence of depression in both sexes observed between 2016 – 2018 corroborates a positive correlation between unemployment and depression in the Portuguese population, previously observed between 2007 – 2013. Conclusion: This study highlights the need to monitor the occurrence of mental illness in the Portuguese population, especially in moments of greatest social vulnerability in order to establish preventive measures, as a way to mitigate the impact of future economic crises.
- Depression and unemployment incidence rate evolution in Portugal, 1995–2013: General Practitioner Sentinel Network dataPublication . Rodrigues, Ana Paula; Sousa-Uva, Mafalda; Fonseca, Rita; Marques, Sara; Pina, Nuno; Matias-Dias, CarlosOBJECTIVE: Quantify, for both genders, the correlation between the depression incidence rate and the unemployment rate in Portugal between 1995 and 2013. METHODS: An ecological study was developed to correlate the evolution of the depression incidence rates estimated by the General Practitioner Sentinel Network and the annual unemployment rates provided by the National Statistical Institute in official publications. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between the depression incidence rate and the unemployment rate in Portugal, which was significant only for males (R2 = 0.83, p = 0.04). For this gender, an increase of 37 new cases of depression per 100,000 inhabitants was estimated for each 1% increase in the unemployment rate between 1995 and 2013. CONCLUSIONS: Although the study design does not allow the establishment of a causal association between unemployment and depression, the results suggest that the evolution of unemployment in Portugal may have had a significant impact on the level of mental health of the Portuguese, especially among men.
- Effect of lifestyle on blood pressure in patients under antihypertensive medication: An analysis from the Portuguese Health Examination SurveyPublication . Salvador, Mário Rui; Cunha Gonçalves, Susana; Quinaz Romana, Guilherme; Nunes, Baltazar; Kislaya, Irina; Matias Dias, Carlos; Rodrigues, Ana PaulaIntroduction and Objectives Hypertension is one of the main risk factors for disability and death from cardiovascular disease. Current guidelines include initiatives to control blood pressure in hypertensive patients that focus on lifestyle changes. The main objective of this study was to analyze the association between lifestyle and blood pressure in patients under antihypertensive medication. Methods Data collected in the Portuguese National Health Examination Survey (INSEF) were analyzed. Individuals who met INSEF inclusion criteria and reported being under antihypertensive medication in the two weeks prior to the questionnaire were studied. Lifestyle variables (alcohol consumption, smoking, added salt intake, fruit and vegetable consumption, and physical activity) were assessed by questionnaire, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured by physical examination. Associations between lifestyle factors and blood pressure, stratified by gender and adjusted for sociodemographic variables and obesity, were estimated through a multiple linear regression model. Results Alcohol consumption (beta=6.31, p=0.007) and smoking (beta=4.72, p=0.018) were positively associated with systolic blood pressure in men. Added salt intake, fruit and vegetable consumption, and physical activity were not associated with blood pressure in men. In women, no association was observed for any behavioral variable. Conclusions These conclusions highlight the need in the population under antihypertensive medication, particularly in men, to focus on the fight against high systolic blood pressure in the two modifiable and preventable behaviors of smoking and alcohol consumption.
- Escovagem de dentes em ambiente escolar e redução do índice de placa bacteriana: avaliação da efetividade de um projeto de saúde oralPublication . Rodrigues, Ana Paula; Matias, Fernanda; Ferreira, Maria ManuelaDada a elevada prevalência de cárie em Portugal em idades jovens, a equipa de saúde escolar do concelho de Oliveira do Bairro (distrito de Aveiro), desenvolveu, durante o ano letivo2012/13, um projeto de educação para a saúde, denominado Senhor Dente, dirigido a criança sem idade pré-escolar (3-6 anos) que consistiu na implementação da escovagem na escola.Com este estudo pretendeu-se determinar o grau de redução da placa bacteriana nas crianças abrangidas pelo referido projeto, de forma a avaliar a sua efetividade na redução das cáries dentárias.Efetuou-se um estudo quasi experimental, no qual foi avaliado o índice de placa bacteriana individual antes e após a implementação do projeto (ninicial= 256; nfinal= 190). Antes da intervenção, estimou-se uma prevalência de cárie dentária de 32,8% (IC 95%: 27,0-38,6). Após a implementação da escovagem dentária na escola, observou-se uma redução do índice de placa bacteriana de 2,45 (IC 95%: 2,38-2,51), havendo uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre a variação no índice de placa bacteriana e o valor inicial do índice de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados por cárie e, também, com o intervalo de tempo decorrido entre os 2 momentos de avaliação.Os resultados demonstraram a efetividade dos programas de saúde escolar que promovam a escovagem dentária diária na escola e sugerem a necessidade de avaliar qual deve ser a duração destes projetos, como forma de otimizar os recursos necessários para o seu desenvolvimento.
- Prevalência de síndrome de apneia obstrutiva do sono : um estudo da Rede Médicos-SentinelaPublication . Rodrigues, Ana Paula; Pinto, Paula; Nunes, Baltazar; Bárbara, CristinaA síndrome de apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS) é caracterizada por episódios recorrentes de cessação total ou parcial do fluxo aéreo oro-nasal, secundários a um colapso da via aérea superior durante o sono. Afeta preferencialmente indivíduos do sexo masculino, de meia-idade e obesos, estimando-se que a prevalência de SAOS em homens adultos varie entre 1 e 5%. A evidência atual aponta que a prevalência não diagnosticada possa variar entre 0,3 e 5%.