Percorrer por autor "Medina, D"
A mostrar 1 - 3 de 3
Resultados por página
Opções de ordenação
- Blood-borne virus testing in European emergency departments: current evidence and service considerationsPublication . Smout, E; Ruf, M; Buti, M; Pinto, IV; Nebbia, G; Hunter, L; Aldersley, MA; Esteves, C; Medina, D; Llaneras, J; Douthwaite, S; Page, EEInnovative testing approaches are needed to meet global targets for the blood-borne viruses (BBVs) HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). We conducted a systematic review of BBV testing in emergency departments (EDs) in Europe to evaluate prevalence, effectiveness of ED testing and linkage to care (LTC). We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library for articles on ED BBV testing published between January 2012 and July 2022. Studies conducted outside Europe or prior to 2012 were excluded owing to epidemiological and healthcare service variation, together with studies that did not report core parameters. Reference lists from included articles were manually searched. Seventeen original articles met the inclusion criteria. Seven studies reported on HIV testing only. ED prevalence: HIV Ab, 0.0%-1.1%; HBsAg, 0.2%-0.9%; and HCV RNA, 0.2%-3.9%. BBV testing uptake varied by policy and offer methodology: opt-out, provider-initiated: 9.7%-44.2%; electronic health record (EHR) modification: 52.1%-88.9%; and opt-in, provider-initiated: 3.9%-37.7%. LTC rates were 8.1%-100% and varied by BBV, generally highest for HIV and lowest for HCV. There was variable detail in outcome reporting and description of clinical LTC pathways. ED BBV testing in Europe is feasible and identifies high numbers of infections (including, where reported, new diagnoses and disengaged patients), often among marginalized populations who use open-access EDs for healthcare. Factors associated with higher levels of sustained testing uptake included opt-out testing (vs opt-in), EHR (vs provider-initiated) and integration of community services. We propose a toolkit of components necessary for a high-performing ED BBV testing programme.
- Emergency department contribution to HCV elimination in the Iberian PeninsulaPublication . Buti, M; Vaz-Pinto, I; Magno Pereira, V; Casado, M; Llaneras, J; Barreira, A; Esteves, C; Guimarães, M; Gorgulho, A; Mourão, T; Xavier, E; Jasmins, L; Reis, AP; Faria, N; Freitas, B; Andrade, G; Camelo-Castillo, A; Rodríguez-Maresca, MÁ; Carrodeguas, A; Medina, D; Esteban, RBackground: Undiagnosed cases of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection result in significant morbidity and mortality, further transmission, and increased public health costs. Testing in emergency departments (EDs) is an opportunity to expand HCV screening. The goal of this project was to increase the proportion of eligible patients screened for HCV in urban areas. Methods: An opportunistic automated HCV screening program was implemented in the EDs of 4 public hospitals in Spain and Portugal at different periods between 2018 and 2023. HCV prevalence was prospectively evaluated, and single-step or reflex testing was used for confirmation in the same sample. Results: More than 90% of the population eligible for testing were screened in the participating centers. We found HCV antibody seroprevalence rates ranging from 0.6 to 3.9%, with between 19 and 53% of viremic individuals. Conclusions: Opportunistic HCV screening in EDs is feasible, does not disrupt ED activities, is highly effective in increasing diagnosis, and contributes to WHO's HCV elimination goals.
- Increasing and sustaining blood-borne virus screening in Spain and Portugal throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-center quality improvement interventionPublication . Vaz-Pinto, I; Ortega, E; Chivite, I; Butí, M; Turnes-Vázquez, J; Magno-Pereira, V; Rocha, M; Garrido, J; Esteves-Santos, C; Guimaraes, M; Mourão, T; Martínez Roma, M; Guilera, V; Llaneras-Artigues, J; Barreira-Díaz, A; Pérez Cachafeiro, S; Daponte Angueira, S; Xavier, E; Vicente, M; Garrido, G; Heredia, MT; Medina, D; García Deltoro, MBackground: Around 57,000 people in Spain and Portugal currently living with HIV or chronic hepatitis C are unaware of their infection. The COVID-19 pandemic severely disrupted screening efforts for these infections. We designed an intervention to increase and sustain opportunistic blood-borne virus (BBV) screening and linkage to care (SLTC) by implementing the TEST model. Methods: The Plan Do Study Act (PDSA) method of quality improvement (QI) was implemented in 8 healthcare organizations (HCOs), including four hospitals, two clusters of community health centers, and two community-based organizations (CBOs). Baseline assessment included a review of BBV SLTC practices, testing volume, and results 12 months before the intervention. Changes in BBV testing rates over time were measured before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdowns in 2020. A mixed ANOVA model was used to analyze the possible effect on testing volumes among HCOs over the three study periods. Intervention: BBV testing was integrated into normal clinical flow in all HCOs using existing clinical infrastructure and staff. Electronic health record (EHR) systems were modified whenever possible to streamline screening processes, implement systemic institutional policy changes, and promote QI. Results: Two years after the launch of the intervention in screening practices, testing volumes increased by 116%, with formal healthcare settings recording larger increases than CBOs. The start of the COVID-19 lockdowns was accompanied by a global 60% decrease in testing in all HCOs. Screening emergency department patients or using EHR systems to automate screening showed the highest resilience and lowest reduction in testing. HCOs recovered 77% of their testing volume once the lockdowns were lifted, with CBOs making the fullest recovery. Globally, enhanced screening techniques enabled HCOs to diagnose a total of 1,860 individuals over the research period. Conclusions: Implementation of the TEST model enabled HCOs to increase and sustain BBV screening, even during COVID-19 lockdowns. Although improvement in screening was noted in all HCOs, additional work is needed to develop strong patient linkage to care models in challenging times, such as global pandemics.