Percorrer por autor "Castro, Elisa Kern de"
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- The communication satisfaction of geriatric patients treated by dental students and dentists in a university dental clinic : a cross-sectional studyPublication . Semedo, Carla; Costa, Joana; Castro, Elisa Kern deBackground/Objectives: With aging linked to increased oral health conditions, the communication skills of dental professionals are vital to ensure patient satisfaction and improve the quality of geriatric dental care. This cross-sectional study evaluated geriatric patients’ satisfaction with communication at a university dental clinic, comparing interactions with dentists and fifth-year dental students. Methods: A self-report questionnaire was administered to 111 patients, assessing sociodemographic data, general health, and satisfaction across six communication dimensions: verbal and nonverbal communication, empathy, respect, problem-solving, and support materials. The data were analyzed using Mann–Whitney U tests (α = 0.05). Results: The geriatric patients exhibited higher levels of satisfaction when interacting with dentists compared to students, particularly in the domains of nonverbal communication (p = 0.007), empathy (p = 0.035), and respect (p = 0.017). However, no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in terms of verbal communication, problem-solving, and support materials. Conclusions: The geriatric patients demonstrated greater satisfaction with interactions with practicing dentists. These findings indicate that an attending dentist’s clinical experience enhances interpersonal interactions with geriatric patients. Therefore, developing the interpersonal skills of future dentistry professionals, as well as adapting communication to the needs of the elderly, is essential to provide more satisfactory experiences in geriatric dental care.
- Comunicação emocional em saúde : apresentando a ferramenta de codificação de Verona de sequências emocionais (VR-CoDES)Publication . Romeiro, Fernanda Bittencourt; Castro, Elisa Kern de; Carlotto, Mary SandraA comunicação clínica, com foco nas competências emocionais, é uma habilidade que requer treinamento devido à necessidade de reconhecer expressões emocionais dos pacientes e dar uma resposta adequada. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar uma ferramenta para avaliação da comunicação emocional dos profissionais de saúde, abordando as principais definições teóri-cas sobre a temática e pesquisas baseadas em evidências que aplicaram a ferramenta Codifica-ção de Verona para Sequências Emocionais(VR-CoDES). Baseado numa pesquisa de levantamen-to bibliográfico, o estudo analisa a comunicação emocional dos profissionais de saúde e o uso dessa ferramenta, tendo em vista que a comunicação é a componente chave na alta qualidade do tratamento, com impacto na satisfação e adesão dos pacientes. O estudo discute a impor-tância do reconhecimento de pistas e preocupações emocionais de pacientes em tratamentos de saúde e destaca as lacunas e desafios sobre os treinamentos de habilidades de comunicação emocional nos contextos de saúde
- Confirmatory factor analysis of the original posttraumatic growth inventory (PTCI) in a cardiac surgery samplePublication . Amador, Débora Grübel; Castro, Elisa Kern de; Schmidt, Marcia MouraObjective: This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (ICPT), a 21-item version adapted to Portuguese. Methods: The sample consisted of 318 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery between October 2022 and March 2024. Participants completed a socio-demographic and clinical questionnaire, the Self-Perceived Stress Scale (EPS-10). Results: The majority were male (77%), with a mean age of 64.75 years (SD = 9.53), White (93%), and married (70%). Most participants reported experiencing stress (72%) and had an average post-traumatic growth score of 73.9. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the original five-factor model of the 21-item scale. Internal consistency estimates ranged from 0.56 to 0.81, with an overall Cronbach’s alpha of 0.90, indicating acceptable reliability. Structural equation modeling further confirmed the factor structure, yielding RMSEA = 0.046, TLI = 0.992, CFI = 0.993, and SRMR = 0.065, demonstrating good model fit. Conclusion: Overall, the results provide empirical support for the factor structure and reliability of the 21-item version of the ICPT, indicating its suitability for research in the context of chronic diseases.
- Contributions of health psychology to climate change : a reviewPublication . Castro, Elisa Kern de; Reis, MartaClimate change poses a significant threat to human health, necessitating interdisciplinary approaches to mitigate its effects. Health psychology, with its focus on behavior change and well-being, is uniquely positioned to contribute to climate action. This review examines how health psychology can address climate-related challenges, emphasizing psychological responses to environmental stressors, behavior modification strategies, and public health interventions. The findings indicate that climate change functions as a psychological stressor, contributing to anxiety, depression, and eco-distress. Additionally, behavioral science insights are underutilized in climate governance, despite their potential to drive sustainable actions. Health psychology can enhance climate adaptation by promoting pro-environmental behaviors, fostering resilience, and integrating psychological well-being into policy frameworks. However, barriers such as limited interdisciplinary collaboration and insufficient emphasis on systemic change hinder progress. To maximize impact, health psychologists must engage in climate governance, advocate for policy integration, and address both individual and collective behavior change. Future research should explore the intersection of mental health, climate resilience, and behavior adaptation to develop comprehensive strategies for tackling climate change. This review underscores the urgent need for health psychology to play a more active role in shaping climate policy and fostering sustainable, health-promoting behaviors.
- From unrealistic to functional optimism in illness perception : a psychometric comparison across 10 countriesPublication . Castro, Elisa Kern de; Lecuona, Oscar; Figueiras, Maria João; Quiñones, Cristina; Singh, Kamlesh; Shiloh, Shoshana; Schippers, Michaela; Kinkead, Ana; Rodríguez-Carvajal, RaquelPeople's perceptions of illness and its risks influence health behaviors, including risk management and precautionary measures. Illness perception often involves unrealistic optimism, reducing infection risk perception. However, crises disrupt self-regulation and optimism due to uncontrollable situations. This study examines optimism's link to risk and illness perception during the first COVID-19 wave in 10 countries, with 7254 participants (48.1% women, mean age = 40, SD = 14.8). We used Bayesian structural equation modeling for psychometric stability and one-way ANOVAs for country comparisons. Multiple regression analyses examined the impact of optimism and demographic variables on illness perception. Significant cross-country variations emerged in illness perception and optimism. In terms of the relationship between variables, optimism correlated with increased COVID-19 risk perception, especially for negative outcomes, concern, and consistency. During crises, optimism shifted from unrealistic to functional, promoting treatment adherence, personal control, and coherence. These dimensions represent individuals' beliefs in managing illness, highlighting optimism's adaptive role in crises.
- How physicians respond to the emotional expressions of people with cancerPublication . Romeiro, Fernanda Bittencourt; Castro, Elisa Kern de; Figueiredo-Braga, MargaridaObjective: The aim of this study is to examine patient emotional cues to oncologists’ responses and explore the association between the concerns and emotional cues during the consultation and the physicians’ response to them throughout treatment, satisfaction, and the assessment of the patients’ perception of the established communication. Method: Cross-sectional design, involved 12 adults patients undergoing cancer treatment and eight physicians in the study. The twelve video-recorded medical consultations were coded (349 cues/concern) using the Verona coding definitions of emotional sequences (VR-CoDES). Results: A strong association between explicit with reducing space responses and the physiological symptoms cues (x²=6.029; p=0.014), and related to the repetition cue of the content by the patient (x²=5.599; p=0.018) was observed. Patients expressed fewer non-verbal behaviors (for example, crying, silence, silent pauses), as they had been undergoing treatment for a longer time, therefore, provided with more empathic responses from physicians. Conclusion: The identification of emotions can help physicians to further explore patients’ underlying cues that reveal emotional distress concerning illness and treatment in a less explicit way. There is a need for improvement in the physician’s ability to recognize patients’ concerns and to provide space for patients to have comprehensive health care, considering the severity of cancer disease and its negative emotional impacts for patients.
- Positive health : approaching health from a psychological perspective of well-beingPublication . Wolff, Luciane; Castro, Elisa Kern dePositive Health is a field of Positive Psychology that measures the biological, subjective, and functional state of health. The article aims to present a theoretical review of the subjective aspects of Positive Health, understanding well-being as one of its health assets and relating it to the knowledge of Health Psychology. The article initially reviews the Positive Psychology approach, followed by an in-depth look of the different theoretical models of well-being and their relevance to Positive Health. Finally, it integrates this knowledge with the Health Psychology approach. It is concluded that Positive Health is a field in broad development and studies should be encouraged to assess the direct and indirect effects of positive interventions for promoting people’s health.
- Posttraumatic growth among childhood cancer survivors and their caregivers : associations with rumination and beliefs challengePublication . Peloso, Franciele Cristiane; Gonçalves, Tonantzin; Armiliato, Maria Júlia; Gregianin, Lauro; Ramos, Catarina; Castro, Elisa Kern deThe main purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between PTG, challenge to core beliefs, intrusive and deliberate rumination in a sample of 43 dyads of childhood cancer survivors and their caregivers. Methods: Survivors (mean age = 17.04; SD=3.67) and caregivers (mean age = 46.84; SD = 8.32) completed the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), the Core Beliefs Inventory (CBI) and the Event-related Rumination Inventory (ERRI). Results: Results showed a positive and high correlation among PTG, CBI, and ERRI in both groups, separately. CBI was the main predictor of PTG both among survivors (β=0.826; t=9.393; R²=0.683; p≤0.001) and caregivers (β=0.552; t=4.235; R²=0.304; p≤0.001). Caregivers reported higher scores than survivors in PTG (t=-2.999 p≤0.01) and its dimensions Relationship with others (t=2.498; p≤0.05), Spiritual change (t=-15.823; p≤0.001), Life appreciation (t=-3.129;
- Stress and post-traumatic growth of people with cancer : identification of associated factorsPublication . Melo, Cynthia de Freitas; Teófilo, Marina Braga; Arruda, Gabriel Huet Borges de; Castro, Elisa Kern de; Morais, Normanda Araújo de; Costa, Icaro MoreiraObjectives: Evaluate indicators and identify associated factors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and post-traumatic growth (PTG) in individuals undergoing oncological treatment. Method: Quantitative, cross-sectional, analytical survey design with a non-probabilistic sample of 74 participants. Six instruments measuring PTSD, PTG, spiritual well-being, illness perception, and social support were employed. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Results: It was evidenced that 21.60% of patients presented clinical indices of PTSD, and 85.12% showed a high index for PTG. High satisfaction indices were also observed for social support (86.48%), spiritual well-being (95.94%), and in identifying cancer as a potential threat to life (71.57%). Females, unmarried individuals, those inactive or unemployed, and those receiving public health support exhibited higher PTG indices. Women exhibit higher PTSD indices than men. Negative correlations were found between PTSD and spiritual well-being, and positive correlations with illness perception. Illness perception emerged as the variable with the greatest predictive power for PTSD indices. Conclusions: It is concluded that the threatening perception of the illness is a predictor of PTSD, highlighting it as a risk factor that requires attention in health prevention plans.