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Emprego de Subunidades de Artilharia de Campanha nos Modernos Teatros de Operações
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Abstract(s)
O Mundo como o conhecemos está em constante mudança, o que provoca também
uma alteração no modo de atuar em determinadas circunstâncias.
Não se pode agir do mesmo modo com os meios da 2ª Grande Guerra Mundial e
com os meios que hoje temos, assim como não se pode atuar da mesma maneira antes e
depois de eventos que marcam um determinado período da história, por exemplo antes e
depois do ataque às Torres Gémeas nos Estados Unidos da América, em 11 de setembro de
2001. Deste modo é necessária a adaptação aos tempos modernos de maneira a poder atuar
sempre com a máxima proficiência. Assim é necessário que as unidades que possam sair
para Teatros de Operações num curto espaço temporal e se possam adaptar às novas
exigências com que se irão deparar.
No caso da Artilharia de Campanha, a evolução dos meios que a compõem tem sido
constante, surgindo sempre meios que podem vir a complementar os anteriores. Também
no âmbito do ambiente em que atuam as unidades de Artilharia de Campanha, surgem
alterações ao modo de operar. Não é igual combater em áreas abertas, sem influências
externas ao conflito, e combater em áreas edificadas onde um elemento das forças
opositoras se pode proteger, misturando-se com a restante população, neutra ao conflito,
sendo imperioso evitar baixas desnecessárias na área de atuação da força. As
infraestruturas utilizadas por forças opositoras podem também tornar-se problemáticas uma
vez que podem ser locais considerados “sagrados” para a população. As forças opositoras
atualmente não são constituídas por orgânicas fixas, nem tão pouco têm o mesmo
equipamento distribuído pela força, provocando uma alteração no modo de operar em cada
situação, impedindo o estudo antecipado do opositor.
A metodologia deste estudo foi dividida em três partes distintas. A primeira fase
permitiu delimitar o espaço temporal do estudo para poder determinar as características
dos Teatros de Operações a serem estudados. Numa segunda fase foram realizadas
pesquisas documentais para poder compreender quais seriam as capacidades que as forças
de Artilharia de Campanha portuguesas necessitam para operar em ambientes onde existem
forças da Organização Tratado do Atlântico Norte. Numa terceira fase foram realizadas entrevistas a oficiais que estiveram presentes nas últimas NATO Response Force, de
maneira a compreender quais das capacidades encontradas na segunda fase já se encontram
presentes nas forças de Artilharia de Campanha nacionais.
Após a realização do estudo, conclui-se que apesar de as unidades de Artilharia de
Campanha portuguesas estarem em aprontamento para possíveis modernos Teatros de
Operações, existem ainda algumas capacidades que poderiam ser integradas. Na Aliança já
existem novas abordagens a estes assuntos que podem vir a ser adotadas por Portugal,
desde que corretamente fundamentadas e trabalhadas. Além das abordagens da Aliança,
também existem procedimentos nacionais que poderão ser corrigidos.
Abstract The world as we know is constantly changing, which causes changings in the way of acting in certain circumstances. We cannot act the same way with the means of the 2nd World War and with the means that we have today, just as one cannot act the same way before and after events that mark a certain period of history, for example before and after the attack on the Twin Towers in the United States on 11 September 2001. Thus it is necessary to adapt to modern times in order to act with maximum proficiency. So, the units that can go out to Theatres of Operations in a short timeline should adapt to the new requirements that will come across. In the case of the Field Artillery, the evolution of its means has been constant, always emerging means that may complement the previous ones. Also under the environment in which they operate, the Field Artillery units’ changes to the way they operate. It’s not equal to fight in open areas without external influences to the conflict, or fighting in built-up areas where enemy forces can protect mingling with the remaining population, neutral to the conflict, being imperative to avoid unnecessary casualties on the scope of force. The infrastructures used by enemy forces can also become problematic since it can be protected by a place considered as an "holy place" to the population. The unpredictability of the enemy is also higher since each one can adapt to each theatre of operations in order to protect himself from most of the Allied forces that are operating in that field. The methodology of this study was divided into three parts. The first phase highlights the timeline of the study in order to determine the characteristics of Theatres of Operations to be studied. In the second phase was carried out a documentary research in order to be able to understand what are the capabilities that the Portuguese Field Artillery forces need, to operate in environments where NATO forces are represented. The third phase were carried out interviews with officers who were present in some of the last Nato Response Force in order to understand which of the capabilities found in the second phase are already present in the national Field Artillery forces. After the study it was concluded that although the Portuguese Field Artillery units have some capabilities that are required in modern Theatres of Operations, there are still some capabilities that can be integrated. In the Alliance there are already new approaches that can be adopted by Portugal, since they are correctly worked and justified. In addition to the approaches of the Alliance, there are also national procedures which should be corrected.
Abstract The world as we know is constantly changing, which causes changings in the way of acting in certain circumstances. We cannot act the same way with the means of the 2nd World War and with the means that we have today, just as one cannot act the same way before and after events that mark a certain period of history, for example before and after the attack on the Twin Towers in the United States on 11 September 2001. Thus it is necessary to adapt to modern times in order to act with maximum proficiency. So, the units that can go out to Theatres of Operations in a short timeline should adapt to the new requirements that will come across. In the case of the Field Artillery, the evolution of its means has been constant, always emerging means that may complement the previous ones. Also under the environment in which they operate, the Field Artillery units’ changes to the way they operate. It’s not equal to fight in open areas without external influences to the conflict, or fighting in built-up areas where enemy forces can protect mingling with the remaining population, neutral to the conflict, being imperative to avoid unnecessary casualties on the scope of force. The infrastructures used by enemy forces can also become problematic since it can be protected by a place considered as an "holy place" to the population. The unpredictability of the enemy is also higher since each one can adapt to each theatre of operations in order to protect himself from most of the Allied forces that are operating in that field. The methodology of this study was divided into three parts. The first phase highlights the timeline of the study in order to determine the characteristics of Theatres of Operations to be studied. In the second phase was carried out a documentary research in order to be able to understand what are the capabilities that the Portuguese Field Artillery forces need, to operate in environments where NATO forces are represented. The third phase were carried out interviews with officers who were present in some of the last Nato Response Force in order to understand which of the capabilities found in the second phase are already present in the national Field Artillery forces. After the study it was concluded that although the Portuguese Field Artillery units have some capabilities that are required in modern Theatres of Operations, there are still some capabilities that can be integrated. In the Alliance there are already new approaches that can be adopted by Portugal, since they are correctly worked and justified. In addition to the approaches of the Alliance, there are also national procedures which should be corrected.
Description
Keywords
Artilharia de Campanha Subunidades Teatros de Operações Capacidades
Citation
Publisher
Academia Militar. Direção de Ensino