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Relações Interpessoais - Comunicação: Desenvolvimento de competências clínicas especializadas na área de Enfermagem de Saúde Mental e Psiquiátrica
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
As relações interpessoais são o pilar de qualquer sociedade, sustentadas pela Comunicação. Múltiplas são as variáveis que podem influenciar este processo. Ter conhecimento desses aspetos, bem como de técnicas de Comunicação diferentes, pode revelar-se um fator decisivo para ultrapassar potenciais barreiras de Comunicação. Este conhecimento é crucial na área da Enfermagem de Saúde Mental e Psiquiátrica, dada a natureza sensível da mesma, pelo que foi objeto de particular atenção nos diferentes contextos de estágio, assim como neste relatório.
O presente relatório insere-se na unidade curricular “Estágio de natureza profissional Módulo 2” do Curso de Mestrado em Enfermagem de Saúde Mental e Psiquiátrica, da Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto. Traduz as atividades e competências comuns e específicas, inerentes ao Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Mental e Psiquiátrica, desenvolvidas em estágio em três ambientes diferentes: contexto de internamento de pessoas com problemas agudos; contexto comunitário; e contexto clínico em áreas diferenciadas.
O relatório integra uma revisão bibliográfica que constituiu um contributo importante na análise da evidência científica inerente às relações interpessoais e Comunicação, que conferiu maior robustez do conhecimento nesta área, facilitando a aquisição de competências neste domínio, fundamentais ao Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Mental e Psiquiátrica.
A descrição dos contextos e das atividades e intervenções desenvolvidas permite demonstrar o processo de tomada de decisão que visou adquirir e otimizar as competências, com enfoque na investigação da dimensão relação e Comunicação, transversal aos diferentes contextos de cuidados, com vista a promover os processos de Comunicação e relação.
Este processo iniciou-se pela avaliação do contexto, seguindo-se uma análise das necessidades em Saúde Mental. Prontamente, identificaram-se os diagnósticos de Enfermagem, que encontraram possibilidade de melhoria ou de resolução, com recurso ao planeamento das intervenções e atividades de Enfermagem especializadas, adequadas à pessoa e ao contexto em que se insere. A avaliação dos resultados obtidos, permitiu avaliar a prática desenvolvida e examinar com crítica e ponderação a aprendizagem alcançada.
Foram adotadas diferentes opções e estratégias no âmbito das atividades e intervenções concretizadas (metodologias, instrumentos e indicadores de resultado) aos indivíduos alvo de estudo, conforme as circunstâncias individuais e do contexto. Numa dimensão de intervenção em grupo foram aplicados instrumentos de recolha de dados para análise da situação e efetuadas sessões de educação sobre “Comunicação”, em função dos resultados obtidos, dirigidas a grupos com seis a dez elementos. Não se verificaram ganhos em saúde de natureza quantitativa, mas observou-se a melhoria das interações entre os indivíduos, com a aquisição de conhecimentos relativos aos processos comunicacionais.
Este percurso permitiu o desenvolvimento de aprendizagens ao longo do estágio nos diferentes contextos clínicos e a aquisição das competências comuns e especificas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem em Saúde Mental e Psiquiátrica e coadjuvou no autoconhecimento tanto como pessoa como profissional de saúde, que possibilitará igualmente futuros contributos para a Enfermagem de Saúde Mental e Psiquiátrica.
Interpersonal relationships are the pillar of any society, supported by communication. Multiple variables can influence this process. Having knowledge of these aspects, as well as different communication techniques, can be a decisive factor in overcoming potential communication barriers. This knowledge is crucial in the field of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, given its sensitive nature, and thus received particular attention in the various internship contexts, as well as in this report. This report is part of the curricular unit "Professional Internship Module 2" of the Master's Course in Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing at the Nursing School of Porto. It reflects the common and specific activities and competencies inherent to the Nurse Specialist in Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, developed during internships in three different environments: inpatient context for people with acute problems; community context; and clinical context in specialized areas. The report includes a literature review that contributed significantly to the analysis of scientific evidence related to interpersonal relationships and communication, providing greater robustness of knowledge in this area, facilitating the acquisition of skills in this domain, which are fundamental to the Nurse Specialist in Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing. The description of the contexts and the activities and interventions developed demonstrates the decision-making process aimed at acquiring and optimizing competencies, focusing on the investigation of the dimension of relationship and communication, transversal to different care contexts, in order to promote communication and relationship processes. This process began with the evaluation of the context, followed by an analysis of Mental Health needs. Nursing diagnoses were promptly identified, which found possibilities for improvement or resolution, through the planning of specialized nursing interventions and activities, appropriate to the person and the context in which they are inserted. The evaluation of the results obtained allowed for assessing the practice developed and critically and thoughtfully examining the learning achieved. Different options and strategies were adopted within the scope of the activities and interventions carried out (methodologies, instruments, and outcome indicators) for the individuals under study, according to individual and contextual circumstances. In a group intervention dimension, data collection instruments were applied for situation analysis, and education sessions on "Communication" were conducted based on the results obtained, directed at groups of six to ten members. No quantitative health gains were observed, but there was an improvement in interactions among individuals, with the acquisition of knowledge related to communication processes. This journey allowed for the development of learning throughout the internship in different clinical contexts and the acquisition of common and specific competencies of the Nurse Specialist in Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, and it also contributed to self-knowledge both as a person and as a health professional, which will equally enable future contributions to Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing.
Interpersonal relationships are the pillar of any society, supported by communication. Multiple variables can influence this process. Having knowledge of these aspects, as well as different communication techniques, can be a decisive factor in overcoming potential communication barriers. This knowledge is crucial in the field of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, given its sensitive nature, and thus received particular attention in the various internship contexts, as well as in this report. This report is part of the curricular unit "Professional Internship Module 2" of the Master's Course in Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing at the Nursing School of Porto. It reflects the common and specific activities and competencies inherent to the Nurse Specialist in Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, developed during internships in three different environments: inpatient context for people with acute problems; community context; and clinical context in specialized areas. The report includes a literature review that contributed significantly to the analysis of scientific evidence related to interpersonal relationships and communication, providing greater robustness of knowledge in this area, facilitating the acquisition of skills in this domain, which are fundamental to the Nurse Specialist in Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing. The description of the contexts and the activities and interventions developed demonstrates the decision-making process aimed at acquiring and optimizing competencies, focusing on the investigation of the dimension of relationship and communication, transversal to different care contexts, in order to promote communication and relationship processes. This process began with the evaluation of the context, followed by an analysis of Mental Health needs. Nursing diagnoses were promptly identified, which found possibilities for improvement or resolution, through the planning of specialized nursing interventions and activities, appropriate to the person and the context in which they are inserted. The evaluation of the results obtained allowed for assessing the practice developed and critically and thoughtfully examining the learning achieved. Different options and strategies were adopted within the scope of the activities and interventions carried out (methodologies, instruments, and outcome indicators) for the individuals under study, according to individual and contextual circumstances. In a group intervention dimension, data collection instruments were applied for situation analysis, and education sessions on "Communication" were conducted based on the results obtained, directed at groups of six to ten members. No quantitative health gains were observed, but there was an improvement in interactions among individuals, with the acquisition of knowledge related to communication processes. This journey allowed for the development of learning throughout the internship in different clinical contexts and the acquisition of common and specific competencies of the Nurse Specialist in Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, and it also contributed to self-knowledge both as a person and as a health professional, which will equally enable future contributions to Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing.
Description
Keywords
Enfermeiros Especialistas Enfermagem Psiquiátrica Comunicação Relações Interpessoais Relatório de estágio