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Sintomas psicopatológicos e crescimento pós-traumático em pessoas que foram infetadas pelo SARS-CoV-2: um estudo descritivo correlacional
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Em 2019, surgiram os primeiros casos de infeção por SARS-CoV-2, em Wuhan, China, tendo
sido confirmada como COVID-19 em janeiro de 2020, o que desencadeou uma pandemia
com repercussões abrangentes. Além do impacto direto na saúde física, esta crise também
afetou profundamente a saúde mental das pessoas. Esta investigação destaca a
importância de compreender o impacto psicológico da COVID-19, reconhecendo a
possibilidade de surgirem aspetos positivos como o Crescimento Pós-Traumático (CPT) em
pessoas que foram infetadas pelo SARS-CoV-2. A pertinência deste estudo consiste em
preencher lacunas de conhecimento, que permitam o desenvolvimento de estratégias de
apoio emocional para aprimorar a saúde mental em futuras crises. Assim, a vivência da
COVID-19 foi considerada como uma experiência traumática, pelo que foram explorados
tanto os sintomas psicopatológicos desencadeados por este evento, quanto o potencial de
CPT.
Os objetivos deste trabalho foram identificar os sintomas psicopatológicos e o nível de
crescimento pós-traumático apresentados por pessoas que foram infetadas pelo SARS-CoV-
2; identificar a relação entre as características sociodemográficas e os sintomas
psicopatológicos e o nível de crescimento pós-traumático em pessoas que foram infetadas
pelo SARS-CoV-2; identificar a relação entre o “suporte de familiares e amigos”, o “suporte
dos serviços de saúde” e os sintomas psicopatológicos e o nível de crescimento póstraumático
em pessoas que foram infetadas pelo SARS-CoV-2 e identificar a relação entre
os sintomas psicopatológicos apresentados por pessoas que foram infetadas pelo SARSCoV-
2 e o nível de crescimento pós-traumático experienciado pelas mesmas.
O presente estudo integrou um projeto major em curso no CINTESIS@RISE/ESEP. O
desenvolvimento deste estudo consistiu numa abordagem quantitativa observacional, com
um caráter descritivo e correlacional transversal. A amostra foi composta por 212
participantes, maiores de idade, da Região Norte de Portugal, que foram infetados pelo
SARS-CoV-2 e estavam em remissão há pelo menos 30 dias, foram selecionados por método
não probabilístico em amostragem bola de neve. Os dados foram colhidos entre 3 de
janeiro e 28 de março de 2021, seguindo um protocolo que incluía diversos instrumentos de avaliação, nomeadamente, o Questionário sociodemográfico e instrumentos
previamente validados para a população portuguesa, como o Inventário de Sintomas
Psicopatológicos (Brief Symptom Inventory, [BSI]) e o Inventário de Crescimento Pós-
Traumático (Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, [PTGI]). Os resultados deste estudo
permitiram concluir que pessoas que foram infetadas pelo SARS-CoV-2 demonstraram
níveis mais elevados de sintomas psicopatológicos em comparação com os valores
normativos previamente aferidos para a população geral em Portugal, num período
anterior à pandemia. Foi identificada uma correlação estatisticamente significativa fraca
entre os sintomas psicopatológicos (global) e as dimensões do CPT. Além disso, foi
observada uma correlação significativa fraca entre o CPT (global) e algumas dimensões
específicas dos sintomas psicopatológicos. A perceção de “suporte de familiares e amigos”
positiva revelou estar relacionada com uma menor tendência para apresentar sintomas
psicopatológicos (global). Em relação à avaliação positiva do “suporte dos serviços de
saúde” durante o confinamento, constatou-se que uma perceção mais favorável se
associou a um maior CPT. Verificou-se ainda que o sexo masculino apresentou uma maior
vulnerabilidade para o desenvolvimento de alguns sintomas psicopatológicos.
Ao proporcionar uma abordagem do impacto psicológico da pandemia e da vivência da
COVID-19, assim como das possíveis trajetórias de recuperação, este estudo contribuiu
para uma melhor compreensão dos efeitos a longo prazo deste evento global na saúde
mental das pessoas. O presente estudo enfatizou a importância de lidar com os sintomas
psicopatológicos com o intuito de uma gestão adequada, ao mesmo tempo que
reconheceu, compreendeu e promoveu a relevância do CPT e os fatores que o influenciam.
In 2019, the initial occurrences of SARS-CoV-2 infection surfaced in Wuhan, China, and were confirmed as COVID-19 in January 2020, precipitating a pandemic with extensive ramifications. Apart from the direct impact on physical health, this crisis has profoundly impacted individuals mental well-being. This research underscores the importance of comprehending the psychological repercussions of COVID-19, acknowledging the potential emergence of positive facets such as Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG) in individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. The significance of this study lies in addressing knowledge gaps essential for devising emotional support strategies to bolster mental health resilience in subsequent crises. Consequently, the COVID-19 ordeal is construed as a traumatic event, prompting an exploration into both the psychopathological symptoms instigated by this incident and the potential for PTSD. The objectives of this study were to discern the psychopathological symptoms and levels of post-traumatic growth exhibited by individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, the investigation sought to delineate the correlation between sociodemographic characteristics and both psychopathological symptoms and post-traumatic growth levels in this cohort. Furthermore, it aimed to scrutinize the interplay between "support from family and friends," "support from health services," and psychopathological symptoms, as well as posttraumatic growth, in individuals affected by SARS-CoV-2. Lastly, the study endeavoured to discern the relationship between the psychopathological symptoms manifested by SARSCoV- 2-infected individuals and their corresponding levels of post-traumatic growth. This study formed part of a larger project underway at CINTESIS@RISE/ESEP. The methodology employed a quantitative observational approach with a descriptive and correlational cross-sectional design. The sample encompassed 212 participants of legal age from the Northern Region of Portugal, who had contracted SARS-CoV-2 and had been in remission for at least 30 days, selected via a non-probabilistic snowball sampling method. Data collection transpired between 3rd January and 28th March 2021, employing a protocol that included several assessment instruments, notably the Sociodemographic Questionnaire and instruments previously validated for the Portuguese populace, such as the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). The findings of this study led to the conclusion that individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibited elevated levels of psychopathological symptoms compared to the normative values previously recorded for the general population in Portugal, predating the pandemic. A statistically significant weak correlation was identified between overall psychopathological symptoms and the dimensions of the CPT. Additionally, a weak yet significant correlation was observed between CPT (overall) and specific dimensions of psychopathological symptoms. A positive perception of "support from family and friends" correlated with a diminished propensity to manifest psychopathological symptoms (overall). Conversely, concerning the favourable appraisal of "support from health services" during confinement, it was noted that a more positive perception was associated with a higher prevalence of PTSD. Furthermore, it was discerned that males were more predisposed to develop certain psychopathological symptoms. By delving into the psychological ramifications of the pandemic and the COVID-19 experience, as well as potential paths to recovery, this study has contributed to a deeper understanding of the enduring effects of this global event on individuals' mental health. This study underscores the importance of addressing psychopathological symptoms effectively, while recognising, understanding, and promoting awareness of PTSD and its influencing factors.
In 2019, the initial occurrences of SARS-CoV-2 infection surfaced in Wuhan, China, and were confirmed as COVID-19 in January 2020, precipitating a pandemic with extensive ramifications. Apart from the direct impact on physical health, this crisis has profoundly impacted individuals mental well-being. This research underscores the importance of comprehending the psychological repercussions of COVID-19, acknowledging the potential emergence of positive facets such as Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG) in individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. The significance of this study lies in addressing knowledge gaps essential for devising emotional support strategies to bolster mental health resilience in subsequent crises. Consequently, the COVID-19 ordeal is construed as a traumatic event, prompting an exploration into both the psychopathological symptoms instigated by this incident and the potential for PTSD. The objectives of this study were to discern the psychopathological symptoms and levels of post-traumatic growth exhibited by individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, the investigation sought to delineate the correlation between sociodemographic characteristics and both psychopathological symptoms and post-traumatic growth levels in this cohort. Furthermore, it aimed to scrutinize the interplay between "support from family and friends," "support from health services," and psychopathological symptoms, as well as posttraumatic growth, in individuals affected by SARS-CoV-2. Lastly, the study endeavoured to discern the relationship between the psychopathological symptoms manifested by SARSCoV- 2-infected individuals and their corresponding levels of post-traumatic growth. This study formed part of a larger project underway at CINTESIS@RISE/ESEP. The methodology employed a quantitative observational approach with a descriptive and correlational cross-sectional design. The sample encompassed 212 participants of legal age from the Northern Region of Portugal, who had contracted SARS-CoV-2 and had been in remission for at least 30 days, selected via a non-probabilistic snowball sampling method. Data collection transpired between 3rd January and 28th March 2021, employing a protocol that included several assessment instruments, notably the Sociodemographic Questionnaire and instruments previously validated for the Portuguese populace, such as the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). The findings of this study led to the conclusion that individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibited elevated levels of psychopathological symptoms compared to the normative values previously recorded for the general population in Portugal, predating the pandemic. A statistically significant weak correlation was identified between overall psychopathological symptoms and the dimensions of the CPT. Additionally, a weak yet significant correlation was observed between CPT (overall) and specific dimensions of psychopathological symptoms. A positive perception of "support from family and friends" correlated with a diminished propensity to manifest psychopathological symptoms (overall). Conversely, concerning the favourable appraisal of "support from health services" during confinement, it was noted that a more positive perception was associated with a higher prevalence of PTSD. Furthermore, it was discerned that males were more predisposed to develop certain psychopathological symptoms. By delving into the psychological ramifications of the pandemic and the COVID-19 experience, as well as potential paths to recovery, this study has contributed to a deeper understanding of the enduring effects of this global event on individuals' mental health. This study underscores the importance of addressing psychopathological symptoms effectively, while recognising, understanding, and promoting awareness of PTSD and its influencing factors.
Description
Keywords
COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Stress Pós-Traumático Crescimento Pós- Traumático Saúde Mental Sintomas Psicopatológicos Enfermagem