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A pessoa com doença renal crónica em programa regular de hemodiálise: Projeto de desenvolvimento de competências clínicas especializadas na área de Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica à Pessoa em Situação Crónica
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O crescente envelhecimento populacional, os comportamentos de risco, os fatores ambientais e
o aumento da esperança de vida, estão a causar um aumento significativo das doenças
crónicas. A doença crónica é hoje no mundo e, em particular na Europa e Portugal, a grande
causa de mortalidade e morbilidade, prevendo-se um aumento deste cenário nos próximos
anos. Esta realidade, constitui um grande desafio para os profissionais de saúde e para os
dirigentes políticos.
A Doença Renal Crónica é uma condição clínica progressiva, caracterizada por alterações
estruturais e funcionais nos rins. Esta tem um impacto significativo na saúde pública global,
sendo uma causa direta de morbidade e mortalidade, além de ser um importante fator de risco
para doenças cardiovasculares. Estima-se que, aproximadamente, 10% da população mundial
esteja diagnosticada com esta doença, e que a taxa global de mortalidade associada a esta
patologia, em todas as faixas etárias, tem vindo a aumentar significativamente nos últimos
anos.
O tratamento é complexo e agressivo pois, exige, com frequência, o recurso a uma das técnicas
de substituição da função renal. A pessoa é, assim, confrontada com um regime terapêutico
multifacetado e contínuo, complexo de gerir e que implica mudanças e adaptações nos seus
hábitos de vida. A pessoa com doença renal, que vai iniciar hemodiálise, está particularmente
vulnerável necessitando de ser ajudada neste processo de transição. Os enfermeiros assumem
uma importância fundamental em todo o processo da doença, nomeadamente na promoção do
autocuidado, levando a uma melhor adesão do regime terapêutico. Há evidência que comprova
que o sucesso do tratamento depende em grande parte desta adesão. A não adesão ao regime
terapêutico, pode ter resultados negativos na qualidade de vida, no aumento da morbilidade, da
mortalidade e nos gastos em saúde.
Este relatório foi elaborado no âmbito do estágio de natureza profissional, módulo II, inserido no
plano de estudos do Curso de Mestrado em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica na área de
Enfermagem à Pessoa em Situação Crónica da Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto. A sua
elaboração teve como principal objetivo refletir sobre o percurso de desenvolvimento das
competências comuns e específicas conducentes à especialização em Enfermagem Médico-
Cirúrgica, na área de Enfermagem à Pessoa em Situação Crónica.
The growing ageing population, risk behaviours, environmental factors and increased life expectancy are causing a significant increase in chronic diseases. Chronic disease is now a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, particularly in Europe and Portugal, and this scenario is expected to increase in the coming years. This reality constitutes a major challenge for health professionals and political leaders. Chronic kidney disease is a progressive clinical condition characterised by structural and functional changes in the kidneys. It has a significant impact on global public health, being a direct cause of morbidity and mortality, as well as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It is estimated that approximately 10 per cent of the world's population is diagnosed with this disease, and that the overall mortality rate associated with this pathology in all age groups has increased significantly in recent years. Treatment is complex and aggressive, as it often requires recourse to one of the renal function replacement techniques. The person is thus confronted with a multifaceted and continuous therapeutic regime that is complex to manage and involves changes and adaptations to their lifestyle habits. The person with kidney disease who is about to start haemodialysis is particularly vulnerable and needs to be helped through this transition process. Nurses play a fundamental role in the whole disease process, particularly in promoting self-care, leading to better adherence to the therapeutic regime. There is evidence that the success of treatment depends largely on this adherence. Non-adherence to the therapeutic regime can have negative results on quality of life, increased morbidity, mortality, and health costs. This report was written as part of the professional internship, module II, included in the study plan for the Master's Degree in Medical-Surgical Nursing in the area of Nursing for People in Chronic Situations at the Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto. Its main aim was to reflect on the development of common and specific competences leading to specialisation in Medical- Surgical Nursing, in the area of Nursing for People in Chronic Situations.
The growing ageing population, risk behaviours, environmental factors and increased life expectancy are causing a significant increase in chronic diseases. Chronic disease is now a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, particularly in Europe and Portugal, and this scenario is expected to increase in the coming years. This reality constitutes a major challenge for health professionals and political leaders. Chronic kidney disease is a progressive clinical condition characterised by structural and functional changes in the kidneys. It has a significant impact on global public health, being a direct cause of morbidity and mortality, as well as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It is estimated that approximately 10 per cent of the world's population is diagnosed with this disease, and that the overall mortality rate associated with this pathology in all age groups has increased significantly in recent years. Treatment is complex and aggressive, as it often requires recourse to one of the renal function replacement techniques. The person is thus confronted with a multifaceted and continuous therapeutic regime that is complex to manage and involves changes and adaptations to their lifestyle habits. The person with kidney disease who is about to start haemodialysis is particularly vulnerable and needs to be helped through this transition process. Nurses play a fundamental role in the whole disease process, particularly in promoting self-care, leading to better adherence to the therapeutic regime. There is evidence that the success of treatment depends largely on this adherence. Non-adherence to the therapeutic regime can have negative results on quality of life, increased morbidity, mortality, and health costs. This report was written as part of the professional internship, module II, included in the study plan for the Master's Degree in Medical-Surgical Nursing in the area of Nursing for People in Chronic Situations at the Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto. Its main aim was to reflect on the development of common and specific competences leading to specialisation in Medical- Surgical Nursing, in the area of Nursing for People in Chronic Situations.
Description
Keywords
Doença crónica Diálise renal Cuidado transicional Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica. Relatório de estágio