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Fenologia do desenvolvimento das inflorescências e outros parâmetros da floração em variedades de oliveira
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
As projeções climáticas alertam para intensas modificações do clima, nomeadamente na
península Ibérica. Os desafios que a olivicultura irá enfrentar, em particular nesta região
do globo, e como irão as diferentes variedades reagir é uma preocupação crescente para
todo o setor.
O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido no ano de 2022 e teve como foco a fenologia do
desenvolvimento das inflorescências e da floração, parâmetros ligados com a qualidade
da flor e as interações que se estabeleceram com a produção anterior. As oliveiras estão
instaladas na Coleção Portuguesa de Referência de Oliveira (CPRCO) e foram
selecionadas 11 variedades: 2 autóctones de Espanha (‘Picual’ e ‘Arbequina’); e 9
autóctones de Portugal (‘Maçanilha de Tavira’, ‘Galega Vulgar’, ‘Galego de Évora’,
‘Conserva de Elvas’, ‘Blanqueta de Elvas’, ‘Tentilheira’, ‘Azeiteira’, ‘Judiaga’ e ‘Bico de
Corvo’). A escala de estados fenológicos utilizada foi a BBCH.
O abrolhamento teve início a 17 de março com a manifestação do estado 51 dominante.
O período de floração das variedades foi, essencialmente, durante o final da 1.a quinzena
de maio. Para a maioria das variedades, a plena floração (PF) foi de 3 dias, e o máximo
foi de 5 dias (‘Conserva de Elvas’ e ‘Galego de Évora’). A data média de PF variou entre
11 (‘Conserva de Elvas’) e 15 (‘Galego de Évora’) de maio. A maioria dos materiais teve
carga floral muito baixa (≤ 20 % da copa com inflorescências), exceto ‘Tentilheira’ que
apresentou o nível máximo. Com boa qualidade da flor destacou-se ‘Azeiteira’
(proporção de flores perfeitas variou entre 65 % e 81 %), seguida de ‘Blanqueta de Elvas’
e ‘Maçanilha de Tavira’. Verificou-se a existência de diferenças entre variedades ao nível
do número de inflorescências por 10 cm de ramo frutífero, número total de flores por
inflorescência, e número de flores perfeitas por inflorescência. A produção das oliveiras
no ano anterior (2021) e o número de flores perfeitas por inflorescência apresentaram
correlações positivas e também negativas em algumas variedades. Houve variabilidade
no comportamento e nos mecanismos de resposta das variedades às condições
climáticas prevalecentes.
Climate projections warn of intense climate changes, particularly in the Iberian Peninsula. The challenges that olive growing will face, particularly in this region of the globe, and the capability to predict if the different varieties will be able to adapt to the new environment conditions is a growing concern. The present work was developed during 2022 and it’s focused on the phenology of the development of inflorescences and flowering, parameters related to flower quality and the interactions established with the previous fruit yield. The olive trees are installed in the Olive Reference Collection of Portugal (CPRCO) and 11 varieties were selected: 2 autochthonous Spanish genotypes (‘Picual’ and ‘Arbequina’); and 9 autochthonous Portuguese genotypes ('Maçanilha de Tavira', 'Galega Vulgar', 'Galego de Évora', 'Conserva de Elvas', 'Blanqueta de Elvas', 'Tentilheira', 'Azeiteira', 'Judiaga' and 'Bico de Corvo'). Phenological growth was described according to BBCH scale. Budbreak began on March 17th with the manifestation of state 51 (dominant). The flowering periods were essentially during the end of the first half of May. For the majority of the varieties, full flowering (FF) lasted for 3 days, and the maximum for 5 days (‘Conserva de Elvas’ and ‘Galego de Évora’). The average date of FF varied between May 11th (‘Conserva de Elvas’) and May 15th (‘Galego de Évora’). Most of the materials had a very low flowering intensity (≤ 20% of the canopy with inflorescences), except 'Tentilheira', which presented the maximum level. Good flower quality was observed in 'Azeiteira' (the proportion of perfect flowers varied between 65% and 81%), followed by 'Blanqueta de Elvas' and 'Maçanilha de Tavira'. There were differences between varieties in terms of number of inflorescences per 10 cm of fruiting branch, total number of flowers per inflorescence, and number of perfect flowers per inflorescence. The production of olive trees in the previous year (2021) and the number of perfect flowers per inflorescence showed both positive and negative correlations in some varieties. There was variability in the behaviour and response mechanisms of the varieties to the prevailing climatic conditions.
Climate projections warn of intense climate changes, particularly in the Iberian Peninsula. The challenges that olive growing will face, particularly in this region of the globe, and the capability to predict if the different varieties will be able to adapt to the new environment conditions is a growing concern. The present work was developed during 2022 and it’s focused on the phenology of the development of inflorescences and flowering, parameters related to flower quality and the interactions established with the previous fruit yield. The olive trees are installed in the Olive Reference Collection of Portugal (CPRCO) and 11 varieties were selected: 2 autochthonous Spanish genotypes (‘Picual’ and ‘Arbequina’); and 9 autochthonous Portuguese genotypes ('Maçanilha de Tavira', 'Galega Vulgar', 'Galego de Évora', 'Conserva de Elvas', 'Blanqueta de Elvas', 'Tentilheira', 'Azeiteira', 'Judiaga' and 'Bico de Corvo'). Phenological growth was described according to BBCH scale. Budbreak began on March 17th with the manifestation of state 51 (dominant). The flowering periods were essentially during the end of the first half of May. For the majority of the varieties, full flowering (FF) lasted for 3 days, and the maximum for 5 days (‘Conserva de Elvas’ and ‘Galego de Évora’). The average date of FF varied between May 11th (‘Conserva de Elvas’) and May 15th (‘Galego de Évora’). Most of the materials had a very low flowering intensity (≤ 20% of the canopy with inflorescences), except 'Tentilheira', which presented the maximum level. Good flower quality was observed in 'Azeiteira' (the proportion of perfect flowers varied between 65% and 81%), followed by 'Blanqueta de Elvas' and 'Maçanilha de Tavira'. There were differences between varieties in terms of number of inflorescences per 10 cm of fruiting branch, total number of flowers per inflorescence, and number of perfect flowers per inflorescence. The production of olive trees in the previous year (2021) and the number of perfect flowers per inflorescence showed both positive and negative correlations in some varieties. There was variability in the behaviour and response mechanisms of the varieties to the prevailing climatic conditions.
Description
Keywords
autochthonous varieties climatic changes Olea europaea L. phenological stages reproductive cycle alterações climáticas ciclo reprodutivo estados fenológicos