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Publication
A doença periodontal em gestantes como fator de risco para parto prematuro e baixo peso à nascença : revisão sistemática
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Objetivo: Esta revisão sistemática pretende demonstrar a evidência científica no que se refere à doença periodontal em gestantes como um fator de risco para o parto prematuro e baixo peso à nascença.
Métodos: A estratégia de pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada a partir de 3 bases de dados universais: PubMed, Cochrane Central e B-on, tendo sido selecionados artigos sem qualquer limite temporal. Foram incluídos 15 estudos nesta revisão sistemática, de acordo com os critérios de inclusão, que posteriormente integraram a meta-análise. A formulação da questão de pesquisa estruturou-se de acordo com os componentes do acrónimo PECO.
De forma avaliar o risco de enviesamento, foi utilizada a escala Newcastle-Ottawa. As meta-análises e meta-regressões foram realizadas através do software Open Meta [Analyst] com recurso ao método Restricted Maximum Likelihood. Foi considerado haver suporte estatístico, sempre que o valor de significância associado ao resultado dos testes estatísticos aplicados fosse inferior a 0.05.
Resultados: A incidência da doença periodontal nas gestantes mostrou ter influência no parto prematuro (OR=3.304; 1.721,-6.345 IC 95%), no baixo peso à nascença (OR=2.035; 0.95,-4.540 IC 95%) e nas duas condições combinadas (OR=2.300; 1.566,- 3.377 IC 95%). As meta-regressões da idade, latitude e longitude apenas foram consideradas no BPN. Para a significância dos respetivos coeficientes das metaregressões,
foi obtido um valor de p=0.03 relativamente à idade e um valor de p<0.01 para as variáveis latitude e longitude.
Conclusão: Os resultados desta revisão sugerem uma associação entre a doença periodontal e os resultados adversos da gravidez como o parto prematuro e o baixo peso à nascença. No entanto, é necessário a realização de mais estudos para avaliar de que forma fatores de risco como hábitos de higiene oral, tabagismo e baixo nível socioeconómico afetam esta associação.
Objective: This sistematic review has its goal to show the scientific evidence in regards to periodontal disease during pregnancy as a risk factor in premature birth and low birth weight. Methods: The search review strategy was made using 3 universal data bases: PubMed, Cochrane Central e B-on, having been selected articles with no date limit. There were 15 studies included according to the criteria previously chosen. The search question was structured around the criteria on the acronym PECO. To properly analyze the bias risk, the Newcastle-Ottawa scale has been used. Meta-analysis and Meta-regressions were made using the Open Meta [Analyst] with the Restricted Maximum Likelihood method. It has been considered having statistical support as long as the significance value associated with the results of the statistical tests applied being lower than 0,05. Results: The incidence in periodontal disease during pregnancy has shown having effect on premature birth (OR=3.304; 1.721,-6.345 IC 95%), low birth weight (OR=2.035; 0.95,-4.540 IC 95%) and both values together (OR=2.300; 1.566,-3.377 IC 95%). Age, latitude and longitude meta-regressions were only considered for BPN. For the significance in coefficients in meta regressions, a value of p=0.03 has been obtained regarding age and a value of p<0.01 for latitude and longitude. Conclusion:The review results reveal an association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth and low birth weight. However, further studies are needed to assess how risk factors such as oral hygiene habits, smoking and low socioeconomic status affect this association.
Objective: This sistematic review has its goal to show the scientific evidence in regards to periodontal disease during pregnancy as a risk factor in premature birth and low birth weight. Methods: The search review strategy was made using 3 universal data bases: PubMed, Cochrane Central e B-on, having been selected articles with no date limit. There were 15 studies included according to the criteria previously chosen. The search question was structured around the criteria on the acronym PECO. To properly analyze the bias risk, the Newcastle-Ottawa scale has been used. Meta-analysis and Meta-regressions were made using the Open Meta [Analyst] with the Restricted Maximum Likelihood method. It has been considered having statistical support as long as the significance value associated with the results of the statistical tests applied being lower than 0,05. Results: The incidence in periodontal disease during pregnancy has shown having effect on premature birth (OR=3.304; 1.721,-6.345 IC 95%), low birth weight (OR=2.035; 0.95,-4.540 IC 95%) and both values together (OR=2.300; 1.566,-3.377 IC 95%). Age, latitude and longitude meta-regressions were only considered for BPN. For the significance in coefficients in meta regressions, a value of p=0.03 has been obtained regarding age and a value of p<0.01 for latitude and longitude. Conclusion:The review results reveal an association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth and low birth weight. However, further studies are needed to assess how risk factors such as oral hygiene habits, smoking and low socioeconomic status affect this association.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Doença periodontal Baixo peso à nascença Parto prematuro Periodontite