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Estratégias adesivas nas restaurações indiretas em dissilicato de lítio : o estado da arte
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Abstract(s)
Na última década tem sido notável um avanço na gama das cerâmicas de alta resistência, sendo apresentado desde então, uma ampla variedade de materiais para reabilitações clínicas em Prótese Fixa. Esse avanço foi necessário para suprir a existência de uma maior procura por reabilitações não metálicas e cada vez mais estéticas.
Com o objetivo de compreender melhor o sucesso e a rápida evolução das cerâmicas dentárias, bem como as suas áreas de aplicação, propriedades físicas, mecânicas e óticas, foram realizados vários estudos neste sentido.
Face à evolução dos sistemas cerâmicos e técnicas de confeção surgiram as cerâmicas monolíticas com o objetivo de superar as falhas existentes evoluindo com o aparecimento de novas propriedades mecânicas e estéticas.
Um dos fatores a ter em conta nesta evolução, é sem dúvida a redução no tempo de confecção em comparação com as reabilitações com componente metálica. Inicialmente a cerâmica de dissilicato de lítio foi desenvolvida sob forma de pastilha, para ser injectada a altas temperaturas, mas com a evolução dos materiais também se observou a chegada de novos equipamentos como por exemplo, o sistema CAD-CAM, que trabalha com modelos digitais e sistema de fresagem de blocos pré ou totalmente sinterizados.
As cerâmicas dentárias têm sido cada vez mais utilizadas como materiais restauradores, sendo o dissilicato de lítio um dos materiais com maior adesão, devido às suas características tais como, a preservação do remanescente dentário, estabilidade de cor, transmissão de luz, boa adesão e saúde do periodonto por ser biocompatível, apresentar resistência ao desgaste, à abrasão e à elevada força de resistência à tensão e cisalhamento.
Estes tipos de cerâmicas são de fabrico altamente controlado, o que lhes confere maior uniformidade microestrutural, maior densidade, menor porosidade e menor tensão residual. São materiais indicados para restaurações totalmente cerâmicas como, inlays, onlays, overlays, facetas, coroas e pontes, com o propósito final de serem estéticos e confiáveis.
The last decade has been marked by a remarkable advance in the range of high-strength ceramics, and since then, a wide variety of materials for clinical rehabilitation in Fixed Prosthodontics has been presented. This advance was necessary to meet a greater demand for non-metallic and increasingly aesthetic rehabilitations. In order to better understand the success and rapid evolution of dental ceramics, as well as their application areas, physical, mechanical and optical properties, several studies were carried out in this regard. Due to the evolution of ceramic systems and confection techniques, monolithic ceramics emerged with the aim of overcoming flaws and improving with new mechanical and aesthetic properties. An important factor is the reduction of fabrication time compared to metal refurbishments. Initially, Lithium Disilicate ceramics were developed in the form of a tablet, to be pressed and injected at high temperatures, but with the evolution of these materials, was possible the arrival of new equipment, such as the CAD-CAM system, which works with digital models and pre- or fully sintered block milling system. Dental ceramics have been increasingly used as restorative materials, as one of the materials that has had great adhesion is Lithium Disilicate due to its characteristics such as the preservation of the remaining tooth, color stability, light transmission, good adhesion, and periodontal health because it is biocompatible, has resistance to wear, abrasion and high tensile and shear strength. These ceramics are highly controlled, which gives them greater microstructural uniformity, greater density, less porosity, and less residual stress. They are suitable materials for all-ceramic restorations such as inlays, onlays, overlay, veneers, crowns, and bridges, with the ultimate purpose of being aesthetic and reliable.
The last decade has been marked by a remarkable advance in the range of high-strength ceramics, and since then, a wide variety of materials for clinical rehabilitation in Fixed Prosthodontics has been presented. This advance was necessary to meet a greater demand for non-metallic and increasingly aesthetic rehabilitations. In order to better understand the success and rapid evolution of dental ceramics, as well as their application areas, physical, mechanical and optical properties, several studies were carried out in this regard. Due to the evolution of ceramic systems and confection techniques, monolithic ceramics emerged with the aim of overcoming flaws and improving with new mechanical and aesthetic properties. An important factor is the reduction of fabrication time compared to metal refurbishments. Initially, Lithium Disilicate ceramics were developed in the form of a tablet, to be pressed and injected at high temperatures, but with the evolution of these materials, was possible the arrival of new equipment, such as the CAD-CAM system, which works with digital models and pre- or fully sintered block milling system. Dental ceramics have been increasingly used as restorative materials, as one of the materials that has had great adhesion is Lithium Disilicate due to its characteristics such as the preservation of the remaining tooth, color stability, light transmission, good adhesion, and periodontal health because it is biocompatible, has resistance to wear, abrasion and high tensile and shear strength. These ceramics are highly controlled, which gives them greater microstructural uniformity, greater density, less porosity, and less residual stress. They are suitable materials for all-ceramic restorations such as inlays, onlays, overlay, veneers, crowns, and bridges, with the ultimate purpose of being aesthetic and reliable.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Dissilicato de lítio Restaurações indiretas Adesão Tratamento de superfície