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Características clínicas do estado periodontal em pacientes com doença cardiovascular
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Abstract(s)
As doenças cardiovasculares são a principal causa de morte no mundo. O número estimado de mortes atribuídas às doenças cardiovasculares é de 17,7 milhões, ou seja 31% da mortalidade mundial. Entre estas mortes, 7,5 milhões devem-se a doença arterial coronária e 6,7 milhões a acidente vascular cerebral (AVC). A hipertensão arterial foi estimada como a sétima causa de morte hospitalar e o AVC foi estimado como a primeira causa em todo o mundo.
As doenças periodontais, reconhecidas como infecções bacterianas, estão entre as doenças mais prevalentes no ser humano. A periodontite afeta cerca de 20% da população mundial entre os 35 e os 45 anos, sendo a principal responsável pela perda de dentes.
A gengivite é a primeira fase da doença, podendo progredir posteriormente para periodontite. A periodontite ocorre quando espécies bacterianas específicas presentes na placa dentária estimulam respostas inflamatórias no hospedeiro que, por sua vez, desencadeia a perda dos tecidos periodontais que suportam os dentes.
A periodontite leva à passagem de bactérias para a corrente sanguínea. Estas bactérias activam a resposta inflamatória e imunitária do hospedeiro. A resposta inflamatória promove a formação, maturação e complicação das placas ateroscleróticas.
Assim parece existir uma relação bidirecional entre as doenças cardiovasculares e as patologias periodontais na medida em que estas últimas têm influência deletéria sobre as doenças cardiovasculares e, por outro lado, as patologias cardiovasculares agravam o curso e a gravidade da periodontite.
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world. The estimated number of deaths attributed to cardiovascular disease is 17.7 million, or 31% of the world mortality. Among these deaths, 7.5 million are due to coronary artery disease and 6.7 million to stroke. Hypertension has been estimated as the seventh cause of hospital death and stroke as the first cause worldwide. Periodontal diseases, recognized as bacterial infections, are among the most prevalent diseases in humans. Periodontitis affects about 20% of the world's population between the ages of 35 and 45 and is the main cause of tooth loss. Gingivitis is the first phase of the disease, but not all gingivitis leads to periodontitis. Periodontitis occurs when specific bacterial species are present in dental plaque. These bacteria stimulate inflammatory responses in the hosped which in turn trigger the loss of periodontal tissues that support the teeth. Periodontitis leads to the passage of bacteria into the bloodstream. These bacteria activate the host's inflammatory and immune response. The inflammatory response promotes the formation, maturation and complication of atherosclerotic plaques. Thus, there seems to be a bidirectional relationship between cardiovascular disease and periodontal disease in that the latter has a deleterious influence on cardiovascular disease and, on the other hand, cardiovascular disease aggravates the evolution and severity of periodontitis.
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world. The estimated number of deaths attributed to cardiovascular disease is 17.7 million, or 31% of the world mortality. Among these deaths, 7.5 million are due to coronary artery disease and 6.7 million to stroke. Hypertension has been estimated as the seventh cause of hospital death and stroke as the first cause worldwide. Periodontal diseases, recognized as bacterial infections, are among the most prevalent diseases in humans. Periodontitis affects about 20% of the world's population between the ages of 35 and 45 and is the main cause of tooth loss. Gingivitis is the first phase of the disease, but not all gingivitis leads to periodontitis. Periodontitis occurs when specific bacterial species are present in dental plaque. These bacteria stimulate inflammatory responses in the hosped which in turn trigger the loss of periodontal tissues that support the teeth. Periodontitis leads to the passage of bacteria into the bloodstream. These bacteria activate the host's inflammatory and immune response. The inflammatory response promotes the formation, maturation and complication of atherosclerotic plaques. Thus, there seems to be a bidirectional relationship between cardiovascular disease and periodontal disease in that the latter has a deleterious influence on cardiovascular disease and, on the other hand, cardiovascular disease aggravates the evolution and severity of periodontitis.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Doenças cardiovasculares Doenças periodontais Factores de risco