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Publication
Zircónia, uma alternativa estética para implantes na zona anterior
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A utilização de implantes dentários para a substituição de espaços edêntulos é, atualmente, uma opção terapêutica bastante válida e bem documentada. Por mais de quatro décadas, o titânio convencional tem sido o material padrão para o fabrico dos mesmos.
Apesar do sucesso clínico dos implantes em titânio, complicações biológicas e técnicas podem ocorrer. Em adição, complicações estéticas são frequentes uma vez que este tipo material apresenta uma cor acinzentada. Na região anterior, principalmente se existir uma linha labial alta, a presença de descoloração da mucosa peri-implantar é considerada uma desvantagem do titânio, comprometendo a estética.
Consequentemente, todos estes fatores culminaram na ascensão dos implantes cerâmicos.
Estes não são uma descoberta recente no campo da implantologia oral, uma vez que já tinham sido introduzidos nos anos sessenta.
Inicialmente, os implantes cerâmicos eram fabricados em óxido de alumínio, mas, devido às suas fracas propriedades mecânicas, foram removidos do mercado e substituídos por implantes fabricados em zircónia tetragonal estabilizada com ítria.
Assim, a zircónia é atualmente o material de escolha para o fabrico de implantes dentários de cerâmica. Além da seleção do material do implante, o tratamento de superfície à qual o implante é sujeito costuma ser realizado para se obter uma superfície rugosa. Esta mesma demonstrou melhorar o contato osso-implante e, consequentemente, a osteointegração.
No entanto, da mesma forma que nos implantes convencionais, estão reportadas em diversos casos clínicos a existência de complicações técnicas e biológicas que condicionam as taxas de sucesso e de sobrevivência dos implantes em zircónia.
Neste contexto, a presente revisão narrativa tem como objetivo analisar as características e indicações da reabilitação com recurso a implantes em zircónia na zona anterior comparando-as com as reabilitações com implantes convencionais de titânio.
The use of dental implants to replace edentulous spaces is currently a very valid and welldocumented therapeutic option. For more than four decades, conventional titanium implants have been used as standard material for their manufacture. Despite the clinical success of titanium implants, biological and technical complications can occur. In addition, aesthetic complications are frequent as this type of material has a grayish color. In the anterior region, especially if there is a high lip line, the presence of discoloration of the peri-implant mucosa is considered a disadvantage of titanium, compromising aesthetics. Consequently, all these factors culminated in the rise of ceramic implants. These are not a recent discovery in the field of oral implantology, as they were already introduced in the sixties. Initially, ceramic implants were made of aluminum oxide, but due to their poor mechanical properties, they were removed from the market and replaced by implants made of tetragonal zirconia stabilized with yttria. Thus, zirconia is currently the material of choice for the manufacture of ceramic dental implants. In addition to the selection of the implant material, the surface treatment in which the implant is subjected is usually carried out to obtain a rough surface. It has been shown to improve bone-implant contact and, consequently, osseointegration. However, as with conventional implants, the existence of technical and biological complications that affect the success and survival rates of zirconia implants are reported in several clinical cases. In this context, this narrative review aims to analyze the characteristics and indications of rehabilitation using implants in zirconia in the anterior zone, comparing them with rehabilitations with conventional titanium implants.
The use of dental implants to replace edentulous spaces is currently a very valid and welldocumented therapeutic option. For more than four decades, conventional titanium implants have been used as standard material for their manufacture. Despite the clinical success of titanium implants, biological and technical complications can occur. In addition, aesthetic complications are frequent as this type of material has a grayish color. In the anterior region, especially if there is a high lip line, the presence of discoloration of the peri-implant mucosa is considered a disadvantage of titanium, compromising aesthetics. Consequently, all these factors culminated in the rise of ceramic implants. These are not a recent discovery in the field of oral implantology, as they were already introduced in the sixties. Initially, ceramic implants were made of aluminum oxide, but due to their poor mechanical properties, they were removed from the market and replaced by implants made of tetragonal zirconia stabilized with yttria. Thus, zirconia is currently the material of choice for the manufacture of ceramic dental implants. In addition to the selection of the implant material, the surface treatment in which the implant is subjected is usually carried out to obtain a rough surface. It has been shown to improve bone-implant contact and, consequently, osseointegration. However, as with conventional implants, the existence of technical and biological complications that affect the success and survival rates of zirconia implants are reported in several clinical cases. In this context, this narrative review aims to analyze the characteristics and indications of rehabilitation using implants in zirconia in the anterior zone, comparing them with rehabilitations with conventional titanium implants.
Description
Keywords
Implante Zircónia Zona anterior Reabilitação unitária