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Emoções e dependência de substâncias psicoativas em consumidores de longa duração
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Authors
Brito, Sara
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo avaliar através da exposição a imagens faciais
representativas de seis emoções básicas (raiva, alegria, tristeza, surpresa, medo e nojo) o
processamento emocional de um subgrupo de consumidores de longa duração de substâncias
psicoativas previamente identificados como alexitímicos (conforme resultados obtidos com a
Escala de Alexitimia de Toronto, TAS-20). Procura-se ainda explorar eventuais diferenças no
relato dos participantes tendo em conta as caracteristicas sócio demograficas, familiares e
clínicas dos mesmos. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo e transversal que iniciou com recurso
à aplicação de um Inquérito Sociodemográfico (ISD) e da Escala de Alexitimia de Toronto de
vinte itens (TAS-20) a 118 consumidores de substâncias psicoativas, dos quais 26,
considerados alexitímicos, integraram numa 2ª fase do projeto e a quem se aplicou uma
entrevista Semiestruturada de Reconhecimento de Emoções Faciais (EREF). Esta permitiu a
identificação de um pensamento concreto e orientado para o exterior no processamento
emocional, assim como de dificuldades na identificação de sentimentos, resultados em linha
com as dimensões avaliadas na TAS-20. A alegria, a tristeza e o nojo foram as emoções que
os participantes identificaram com maior facilidade, sendo a descrição das emoções marcada
por um evidente, embora infrutífero, esforço descritivo; a sua exemplificação, porém, ocorreu
de modo correto. Verificou-se igualmente pobreza ao nível dos processos imaginativos, bem
como uma associação das experiências emocionais relatadas a afeto negativo. Quer na
descrição, quer na exemplificação das emoções, destaca-se a presença de um relato em torno
do tema “solidão”, principalmente na faixa etária entre os 40-49 anos. É neste cenário que se
destaca o distanciamento de relações de suporte, acompanhados de geralmente em processos
de exclusão social. Os resultados do estudo realizado permitem afirmar serem grandes os
desafios que esta população coloca à prática profissional dos trabalhadores sociais e aos
modelos dominantes de intervenção, uma vez que as emoções se traduzem num processo
crucial e básico numa comunicação e interação social eficazes.
This dissertation aims to evaluate through exposure to representative facial images of six basic emotions (anger, joy, sadness, surprise, fear and disgust) the emotional processing of a long-term consumer subgroup of psychoactive substances previously identified as alexithymic (according to the results obtained with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS 20). It is also sought to explore possible differences in the participants’ report taking into account their socio-demographic, family and clinical characteristics. This qualitative and cross-sectional study began with the application of a Sociodemographic Questionnaire and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) to 118 psychoactive substance users. From these, 26 who were considered alexithymics, took part of a 2nd phase of the project and were further assessed by means of a Semi-Structured Facial Emotions Recognition Interview (SFERI). This interview allowed the identification of concrete and outward-oriented thinking in emotional processing, as well as difficulties in identifying feelings, results that are in line with the dimensions assessed in the TAS-20. Joy, sadness and disgust were the emotions that participants most easily identified. Participants made significant efforts in describing the emotions, but these were mostly unsuccessful. Their exemplification, however, was made correctly. In addition, there was found great poverty at the level of imaginative processes, as well as an association between emotional experiences and negative affect. Both in the description and in the exemplification of emotions, “loneliness” appeared as a common theme, especially among those aged between 40 and 49 years old. It is in this scenario that stands out the distancing of supportive relationships, usually accompanied by processes of social exclusion. This study’s results show that the challenges posed by this population for the professional practice of social workers and the dominant models of intervention are great, since emotions constitute crucial and basic process for an effective communication and social interaction.
This dissertation aims to evaluate through exposure to representative facial images of six basic emotions (anger, joy, sadness, surprise, fear and disgust) the emotional processing of a long-term consumer subgroup of psychoactive substances previously identified as alexithymic (according to the results obtained with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS 20). It is also sought to explore possible differences in the participants’ report taking into account their socio-demographic, family and clinical characteristics. This qualitative and cross-sectional study began with the application of a Sociodemographic Questionnaire and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) to 118 psychoactive substance users. From these, 26 who were considered alexithymics, took part of a 2nd phase of the project and were further assessed by means of a Semi-Structured Facial Emotions Recognition Interview (SFERI). This interview allowed the identification of concrete and outward-oriented thinking in emotional processing, as well as difficulties in identifying feelings, results that are in line with the dimensions assessed in the TAS-20. Joy, sadness and disgust were the emotions that participants most easily identified. Participants made significant efforts in describing the emotions, but these were mostly unsuccessful. Their exemplification, however, was made correctly. In addition, there was found great poverty at the level of imaginative processes, as well as an association between emotional experiences and negative affect. Both in the description and in the exemplification of emotions, “loneliness” appeared as a common theme, especially among those aged between 40 and 49 years old. It is in this scenario that stands out the distancing of supportive relationships, usually accompanied by processes of social exclusion. This study’s results show that the challenges posed by this population for the professional practice of social workers and the dominant models of intervention are great, since emotions constitute crucial and basic process for an effective communication and social interaction.
Description
Keywords
Alexitimia Dependência Consumidores de longa duração Envelhecimento precoce