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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A modernização da técnica construtiva da taipa tem sido um tema recorrente de debate
ao longo dos últimos anos. Produziram-se obras em diversas linguagens arquitetónicas,
adotando distintas abordagens conceptuais e técnicas, com menor ou maior grau de
alteração dos fundamentos tradicionais convencionais.
É, no sentido de se identificarem as alterações elementares da técnica construtiva da
taipa, perante a evolução da linguagem arquitetónica contemporânea, que se
desenvolve a presente investigação, pressupondo a existência de um processo evolutivo
da tecnologia aplicada. De forma a identificar e caracterizar as alterações introduzidas na
respetiva técnica construtiva, procedeu-se a uma inventariação de edifícios
representativos, que nos últimos 25 anos, foram reconhecidos como referências
internacionais de construção em Taipa. Do universo temático identificado, 5 estudos de
casos, localizados em países europeus, foram caracterizados de forma mais detalhada.
Da sua interpretação pretende-se compreender quais as principais tendências da
aplicação atual da técnica, e de que forma estas podem fundamentar uma abordagem
estratégica para uma aplicação pratica em projeto atual.
O método de investigação utilizado foi o estudo de multi-casos, suportado
essencialmente por análise documental. No que se refere ao local de intervenção,
recorreu-se à análise documental e ao trabalho de campo. Tendo como foco principal
responder às necessidades do local, foram produzidas fotografias, croquis e notas de
campo. Através do tratamento da informação de natureza qualitativa, estabeleceram-se
princípios e estratégias de intervenção para a elaboração de um projeto (equipamento
cultural) específico.
A investigação permitiu identificar alterações formais e conceptuais. Estas alterações
devem-se essencialmente à readaptação introduzida nos sistemas construtivos de
inspiração vernácula. A introdução de elementos estruturais auxiliares, assim como o
melhoramento da resistência mecânica do material permitiram ultrapassar algumas
barreiras morfológicas existentes nas construções tradicionais. A estabilização do
material foi outro fator-chave, possibilitando que a textura do material participasse
ativamente na linguagem plástica dos edifícios. A pesquisa permitiu ainda reconhecer
duas abordagens distintas, no panorama Europeu, do qual Portugal não será exceção.
Uma primeira abordagem mais conservadora, relacionada com a autenticidade dos
processos tradicionais e com os seus aspetos sócio-culturais; e uma abordagem mais
formalista e experimental, que pretende potenciar a taipa como alternativa às soluções
correntes, sem refutar a produção industrial.
Na presente dissertação, a componente teórica é ainda complementada com uma
proposta de intervenção arquitetónica, que pretende estudar a aplicação da técnica em
solução contemporânea. Desta forma, para um contexto e um programa específico foi
desenvolvido um projeto de arquitetura baseado na evolução das características
observadas e no ajustamento das diretrizes estabelecidas, enquadrada por uma
estratégia municipal consentânea com a abordagem adotada. Para este efeito, assumiuse
a elaboração de um Equipamento Cultural que pudesse complementar o Centro de
Interpretação e Monitorização do Castro de São Lourenço, na freguesia de Vila Chã,
Concelho de Esposende.
Abstract The modernization of rammed earth constructive technique has been a recurring theme of debate over the last few years. Architectural works were carried out in several expressions, adapting different conceptual and technical approaches, with a lower or greater degree of alteration of conventional traditional fundamentals. It is in the sense of identifying the primary alterations of the constructive rammed earth technique, before the evolution of the contemporary architectural expression, that the present investigation is developed, presupposing the existence of an evolutionary process of the applied technology.In order to identify and characterize the changes introduced in the construction technique, an inventory was made of representative buildings, which were recognized in the last 25 years, as international rammed earth building references. From the thematic universe identified, 5 case studies, all located in European countries, were characterized in more detail. This interpretation intends to understand what are the main trends of the current application of the technique, and how to base a strategic approach to a practical application in current projects. The research method used was the multi-case study, supported essentially by documentary analysis. Regarding the place of intervention, documentary analysis and fieldwork were used. Focusing primarily on responding to local needs, photographs, sketches and field notes were produced. Through the process of treating information of a qualitative nature, principles and intervention strategies were established for the elaboration of a specific project (cultural equipment). The research identified formal and conceptual changes. These changes are mainly due to readjustments introduced in vernacular-inspired construction systems. The introduction of additional structural elements, as well as the improvement of the mechanical resistance of the material allowed overcoming some morphological barriers existing in traditional constructions. The stabilization of the material was another key-factor, allowing the texture of the material to actively participate in the plastic expression of the buildings.The investigation also enhanced the recognition of two different approaches, within the European scenario, of which Portugal will be no exception: A more conservative first approach, related to the authenticity of the traditional processes and their socio-cultural aspects; and a more formalistic and experimental approach, which intends to promote rammed earth, as an alternative to current solutions, without refuting industrial production. In the present dissertation, the theoretical component is still complemented with a proposal of architectural intervention, which intends to study the application of the technique, as a contemporary solution. Thus, for a specific context and program, an architectural project was developed based on the evolution of the characteristics observed and the adjustment of established guidelines, framed by a municipal strategy, in lined with the adopted approach. For this purpose, a Cultural Equipment was created that could complement the Center for Interpretation and Monitoring of Castro de São Lourenço, in the parish of Vila Chã, in the Municipality of Esposende.
Abstract The modernization of rammed earth constructive technique has been a recurring theme of debate over the last few years. Architectural works were carried out in several expressions, adapting different conceptual and technical approaches, with a lower or greater degree of alteration of conventional traditional fundamentals. It is in the sense of identifying the primary alterations of the constructive rammed earth technique, before the evolution of the contemporary architectural expression, that the present investigation is developed, presupposing the existence of an evolutionary process of the applied technology.In order to identify and characterize the changes introduced in the construction technique, an inventory was made of representative buildings, which were recognized in the last 25 years, as international rammed earth building references. From the thematic universe identified, 5 case studies, all located in European countries, were characterized in more detail. This interpretation intends to understand what are the main trends of the current application of the technique, and how to base a strategic approach to a practical application in current projects. The research method used was the multi-case study, supported essentially by documentary analysis. Regarding the place of intervention, documentary analysis and fieldwork were used. Focusing primarily on responding to local needs, photographs, sketches and field notes were produced. Through the process of treating information of a qualitative nature, principles and intervention strategies were established for the elaboration of a specific project (cultural equipment). The research identified formal and conceptual changes. These changes are mainly due to readjustments introduced in vernacular-inspired construction systems. The introduction of additional structural elements, as well as the improvement of the mechanical resistance of the material allowed overcoming some morphological barriers existing in traditional constructions. The stabilization of the material was another key-factor, allowing the texture of the material to actively participate in the plastic expression of the buildings.The investigation also enhanced the recognition of two different approaches, within the European scenario, of which Portugal will be no exception: A more conservative first approach, related to the authenticity of the traditional processes and their socio-cultural aspects; and a more formalistic and experimental approach, which intends to promote rammed earth, as an alternative to current solutions, without refuting industrial production. In the present dissertation, the theoretical component is still complemented with a proposal of architectural intervention, which intends to study the application of the technique, as a contemporary solution. Thus, for a specific context and program, an architectural project was developed based on the evolution of the characteristics observed and the adjustment of established guidelines, framed by a municipal strategy, in lined with the adopted approach. For this purpose, a Cultural Equipment was created that could complement the Center for Interpretation and Monitoring of Castro de São Lourenço, in the parish of Vila Chã, in the Municipality of Esposende.
Description
Keywords
Arquitetura contemporânea Taipa Compactação Estabilização Sistemas construtivos