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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Em 1962, o Papa Pio IX convocou o vigésimo primeiro concílio da Igreja Católica,
denominado como Concílio Vaticano II. No essencial, este concílio visava uma
modernização da Igreja através da reintrodução de aspetos litúrgicos, que se tinham
perdido ao longo dos tempos. O eixo principal desta reforma é a centralidade da
eucaristia e a participação ativa do povo e, como forma de operacionalizar estas
alterações litúrgicas, são produzidos vários documentos, concretamente na
abordagem arquitetónica, é publicada a Constituição Sacrosanctum Concilium, sendo
este o documento que rege, coordena e orienta a nova conceção de espaço sacro.
Neste sentido, esta pesquisa abordou dois pontos (objetivos): identificar os princípios
espaciais implícitos na Constituição Sacrosanctum Concilium e quais os reflexos
práticos que as mesmas produziram na conceção do novo espaço religioso; observar
a adequabilidade da arquitetura religiosa atual, produzida no Alto Minho, tendo em
conta o ritual e simbolismo litúrgico.
A metodologia utilizada foi do tipo de investigação do método de estudos de caso
(multicaso), baseado na natureza comparativa de três igrejas posteriores ao referido
concílio, onde o tratamento da informação recolhida é de origem qualitativa.
Os estudos de caso foram selecionados tendo em consideração os seguintes
critérios de seleção: territorial; temporal; cultural e autoria. Desta forma, os espaços
religiosos selecionados que contêm as características pré-definidas foram: Capela de
Moledo – Caminha; a Igreja da Sagrada Família – Viana do Castelo; a Igreja Nova da
Correlhã – Ponte de Lima.
A triangulação entre a análise documental, as entrevistas e a observação recolhidas
para cada caso permitiu a abordagem interpretativa de toda a informação colhida,
correlacionando os resultados da análise comparativa com a fundamentação teórica.
Assim, esta pesquisa indica a tendência de que a arquitetura religiosa atual não
cumpre na íntegra as normas constantes nos documentos eclesiásticos, ainda assim,
a nova conceção do espaço religioso salvaguarda as normas primordiais que
fomentam a participação ativa, sendo esta a grande aspiração da revigorada liturgia.
Desta forma, a centralidade do presbitério, o despojamento ornamental no interior e a
comodidade física e sensorial dos fiéis evidenciam-se como os pilares sobre os quais
fica expressa a funcionalidade do templo atual.
Abstract: In 1962, Pope Pius IX summoned the twenty-first council of the Catholic Church, known as Vatican Council II. Essentially this council expected a Church modernization through the reintroduction of liturgical features which had been lost over the years. The main axis of the reform is the centrality of the Eucharist and the active participation of all people, and, in order to make the liturgical changes operational several documents were produced, particularly in the architectural approach, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy Sacrosanctum Concilium was published, and this regulates, coordinates and guides the new sacred space design. Therefore, the research had two main topics (goals): to identify implicit spatial principles on the Sacrosanctum Concilium and which are the real reflexes produced in the conception of the new religious space; to observe the adequacy of the present sacred architecture, created in Alto Minho, taking into account the ritual and the liturgical symbolism. The methodology used was the case study research method (multiple-case) based on three later council churches comparative nature, and the process of the gathered information has a qualitative source. The case studies were selected considering the following assortment criteria: territorial; time; cultural and authorship. In this way, the selected religious spaces containing the pre-defined characteristics were: the Chapel of Moledo - Caminha; the Church of the Holy Family - Viana do Castelo; the New Church of Correlhã - Ponte de Lima. The triangulation between the documentary analysis, interviews and gathered observation for each case permitted the interpretative approach of all the collected information by correlating the comparative analysis results with the theoretical basis. Therefore, this research confirms the tendency that the contemporary sacred architecture doesn´t comply entirely with the established rules in the ecclesiastical documents, even so the new religious space design saves the most primary standards that encourage the active participation, which is the great motivation of the reinvigorated liturgy. So, the centrality of the presbytery, the inside ornamental detachment and the faithful physical and sensorial comfort are the pillars of the functionality of the current temple.
Abstract: In 1962, Pope Pius IX summoned the twenty-first council of the Catholic Church, known as Vatican Council II. Essentially this council expected a Church modernization through the reintroduction of liturgical features which had been lost over the years. The main axis of the reform is the centrality of the Eucharist and the active participation of all people, and, in order to make the liturgical changes operational several documents were produced, particularly in the architectural approach, Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy Sacrosanctum Concilium was published, and this regulates, coordinates and guides the new sacred space design. Therefore, the research had two main topics (goals): to identify implicit spatial principles on the Sacrosanctum Concilium and which are the real reflexes produced in the conception of the new religious space; to observe the adequacy of the present sacred architecture, created in Alto Minho, taking into account the ritual and the liturgical symbolism. The methodology used was the case study research method (multiple-case) based on three later council churches comparative nature, and the process of the gathered information has a qualitative source. The case studies were selected considering the following assortment criteria: territorial; time; cultural and authorship. In this way, the selected religious spaces containing the pre-defined characteristics were: the Chapel of Moledo - Caminha; the Church of the Holy Family - Viana do Castelo; the New Church of Correlhã - Ponte de Lima. The triangulation between the documentary analysis, interviews and gathered observation for each case permitted the interpretative approach of all the collected information by correlating the comparative analysis results with the theoretical basis. Therefore, this research confirms the tendency that the contemporary sacred architecture doesn´t comply entirely with the established rules in the ecclesiastical documents, even so the new religious space design saves the most primary standards that encourage the active participation, which is the great motivation of the reinvigorated liturgy. So, the centrality of the presbytery, the inside ornamental detachment and the faithful physical and sensorial comfort are the pillars of the functionality of the current temple.
Description
Keywords
Arquitectura religiosa Concílio Vaticano II Capela de Moledo, Caminha Igreja da Sagrada Família, Viana do Castelo Igreja da Correlhã, Ponte de Lima