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Autoestigma: Intervenções de enfermagem em contextos de Saúde Mental e Psiquiatria - Projeto de desenvolvimento de competências clínicas especializadas na área de enfermagem de Saúde Mental e Psiquiátrica
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Este relatório descreve o desenvolvimento de competências clínicas especializadas
na área de Enfermagem de Saúde Mental e Psiquiátrica, com ênfase no
autoestigma. Este fenómeno, entendido como a internalização de estereótipos
negativos relacionados com a doença mental, exerce um impacto relevante na
autoestima, na autoeficácia, na qualidade de vida e nos processos de recuperação
dos indivíduos com necessidade de cuidados de saúde mental. O projeto
desenvolvido teve como objetivo principal prevenir e reduzir o autoestigma em
utentes com necessidades de cuidados de saúde mental, através de intervenções
cuidadosamente delineadas. O projeto foi implementado em três contextos distintos:
internamento hospitalar, respostas diferenciadas e em contexto comunitário,
totalizando 340 horas de prática supervisionada. As intervenções de caráter
psicoeducativo e cognitivo-comportamental foram adaptadas às caraterísticas e
necessidades de cada público-alvo, que foi diferente em cada local de estágio,
sendo o mesmo constituído por pessoas com necessidade de cuidados de saúde
mental em contexto de internamento, profissionais de saúde em contexto de
respostas diferenciadas e familiares cuidadores em contexto da comunidade. A
utilização de referenciais teóricos, como a Teoria das Transições, contribuiu para a
robustez científica e prática das intervenções realizadas. Na generalidade, os
resultados indicaram melhorias na consciencialização dos participantes sobre o
estigma e autoestigma, melhoria no desenvolvimento de estratégias de coping, bem
como o fortalecimento da perceção da autoeficácia e autoestima. Este relatório
sublinha, assim, a relevância das intervenções do Enfermeiro Especialista em
Enfermagem de Saúde Mental e Psiquiátrica no autoestigma, promovendo a
inclusão social, a recuperação e o empoderamento dos indivíduos com necessidade
de cuidados de saúde mental. O propósito central, adquirir competências comuns do
Enfermeiro Especialista e específicas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem
de Saúde Mental e Psiquiátrica foi alcançado, consolidando uma atuação
especializada e alinhada às melhores práticas de enfermagem em saúde mental,
nos diferentes campos de estágio.
This report describes the development of specialised clinical skills in the area of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, with an emphasis on self-stigma. This phenomenon, understood as the internalization of negative stereotypes related to mental illness, has a significant impact on self-esteem, self-efficacy, quality of life, and recovery processes of individuals in need of mental health care. The main objective of the developed project was to prevent and reduce self-stigma among patients with mental health care needs through carefully designed interventions. The project was implemented in three different contexts: hospitalisation, differentiated responses, and in a community context, totaling 340 hours of supervised practice. The psychoeducational and cognitive-behavioural interventions were adapted to the characteristics and needs of each target audience, which was different at each internship site, including people in need of mental health care in an inpatient setting, health professionals in a differentiated response context and family caregivers in a community environment. The use of theoretical references, such as Transitions Theory, contributed to the scientific and practical robustness of the interventions carried out. Overall, the results indicated improvements in participants’ awareness of stigma and self-stigma, enhanced development of coping strategies, and strengthened perceptions of self-efficacy and self-esteem. This report thus emphasises the relevance of the Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practioner interventions in addressing self-stigma, promoting social inclusion, recovery, and the empowerment of individuals with mental health care needs. The central purpose of acquiring specific competences common to the Specialist Nurse and specific to the Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practioner was achieved, consolidating a specialised performance aligned with the best practices in mental health nursing in the different internship fields.
This report describes the development of specialised clinical skills in the area of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, with an emphasis on self-stigma. This phenomenon, understood as the internalization of negative stereotypes related to mental illness, has a significant impact on self-esteem, self-efficacy, quality of life, and recovery processes of individuals in need of mental health care. The main objective of the developed project was to prevent and reduce self-stigma among patients with mental health care needs through carefully designed interventions. The project was implemented in three different contexts: hospitalisation, differentiated responses, and in a community context, totaling 340 hours of supervised practice. The psychoeducational and cognitive-behavioural interventions were adapted to the characteristics and needs of each target audience, which was different at each internship site, including people in need of mental health care in an inpatient setting, health professionals in a differentiated response context and family caregivers in a community environment. The use of theoretical references, such as Transitions Theory, contributed to the scientific and practical robustness of the interventions carried out. Overall, the results indicated improvements in participants’ awareness of stigma and self-stigma, enhanced development of coping strategies, and strengthened perceptions of self-efficacy and self-esteem. This report thus emphasises the relevance of the Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practioner interventions in addressing self-stigma, promoting social inclusion, recovery, and the empowerment of individuals with mental health care needs. The central purpose of acquiring specific competences common to the Specialist Nurse and specific to the Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practioner was achieved, consolidating a specialised performance aligned with the best practices in mental health nursing in the different internship fields.
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Palavras-chave
Autoestigma Estigma Social Autoeficácia Autoestima Enfermagem Psiquiátrica