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As Forças de Quadrícula: Pontos de contacto entre as Guerras em África e os conflitos actuais
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Abstract(s)
Portugal materializou a sua primeira participação em Operações de Apoio à Paz em 1958. A partir de 1961 e até 1974, na sequência de uma Guerra-subversiva dos povos das suas colónias africanas, Portugal vê-se envolvido num conflito de natureza diferente, que forçou as autoridades políticas a importantes reformas e as Forças Armadas a adoptar novas doutrinas e tácticas, adequadas às características da contra-subversão. Actualmente e após a descolonização, Portugal tem conduzido a sua política externa no cumprimento dos acordos internacionais que mantém com organizações e países diversos, destacando com frequência forças militares para participarem em Operações de apoio à Paz um pouco por todo o mundo. O presente trabalho pretende analisar de que forma as doutrinas pioneiras, aplicadas pelas forças de quadrícula, na condução das operações militares nas Guerras de áfrica de 1961 a 1974, têm uma aplicação prática e actual nas Operações de Apoio à Paz. No primeiro capítulo tenta-se perceber o que são forças de quadrícula, como surge o conceito e como foi dirigido o seu emprego durante a Guerra de África de 1961 a 1974. No segundo capítulo é apresentada uma perspectiva evolutiva da Política Externa Nacional, enunciado os acordos internacionais que vinculam os países membros a disponibilizar as suas Forças Armadas para participar nas Operações de Apoio à Paz promovidas por diversas Organizações Internacionais em várias regiões do mundo. No terceiro capítulo, analisa-se o emprego de técnicas e procedimentos doutrinários nas Operações de Apoio à Paz, à luz das entrevistas realizadas a Oficiais participantes nos Teatros de Operações da Bósnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo, Timor-Leste e Afeganistão, apresentadas no capítulo quatro, onde se aborda o aprontamento e o aspecto doutrinário nacional actual. No quinto capítulo são apresentados os pontos de contacto entre os procedimentos das Operações de Apoio à Paz e os procedimentos das forças de quadrícula no decurso das Guerras de África 1961/1974. Numa perspectiva comparada, são analisadas as entrevistas executadas, no sexto capítulo. Em suma: aplicando uma metodologia dedutiva na revisão bibliográfica e com a execução e análise de entrevistas, pretende-se demonstrar a actualidade dos procedimentos conduzidos nas Campanhas de África de 1961 a 1974.
Portugal materialized its first participation in Peace Support Operations in 1958. Starting from 1961 and up to 1974, following the insurgency war of the African colony’s people, Portugal got involved in a conflict of a different nature, which forced the political authorities to make major reforms and the military to adopt new doctrines and tactis, appropriate to the characteristics of counter-subversion. Today and after the decolonization, Portugal has conducted its foreign policy in compliance with the agreements made with international organizations and various countries, often detaching military forces in order to participate in Peace Support Operations all over the world. This work intends to analyze how pioneer doctrines, used by the grid forces in the conduct of military operations in the African war from 1961 to 1974, have a pratical and current application in Peace Support Operations. On the first chapter it was tried to understand what the grid forces are, how the concept appeared and how its employment had been directed during the African war in 1961-1974. The second chapter presents an evolutionary perspective of national foreign policies, stating the international agreements that tie the member state to provide armed forces in order to participate in peace-support operations promoted by diverse international organizations in various regions of the world. The third chapter analyzes the use of technical and doctrinal procedures in peace-support operations, through the interviews to participant Officers in the Theater of Operations in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo, East Timor and Afghanistan, presented in the fourth chapter. This chapter addresses the training and the National doctrinal stands. The fifth chapter presents the contact points between the procedures of the Peace-Support Operations and the procedures of the grid forces during the African war 1961/1974. In a comparative perspective, the interviews are analyzed, in the sixth chapter. In short: by applying a deductive method in the bibliographical review and the implementation and analusis of interviews, it is pretended to demonstrate the timeliness of the procedures conducted in the Campaigns in Africa from 1961 to 1974.
Portugal materialized its first participation in Peace Support Operations in 1958. Starting from 1961 and up to 1974, following the insurgency war of the African colony’s people, Portugal got involved in a conflict of a different nature, which forced the political authorities to make major reforms and the military to adopt new doctrines and tactis, appropriate to the characteristics of counter-subversion. Today and after the decolonization, Portugal has conducted its foreign policy in compliance with the agreements made with international organizations and various countries, often detaching military forces in order to participate in Peace Support Operations all over the world. This work intends to analyze how pioneer doctrines, used by the grid forces in the conduct of military operations in the African war from 1961 to 1974, have a pratical and current application in Peace Support Operations. On the first chapter it was tried to understand what the grid forces are, how the concept appeared and how its employment had been directed during the African war in 1961-1974. The second chapter presents an evolutionary perspective of national foreign policies, stating the international agreements that tie the member state to provide armed forces in order to participate in peace-support operations promoted by diverse international organizations in various regions of the world. The third chapter analyzes the use of technical and doctrinal procedures in peace-support operations, through the interviews to participant Officers in the Theater of Operations in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo, East Timor and Afghanistan, presented in the fourth chapter. This chapter addresses the training and the National doctrinal stands. The fifth chapter presents the contact points between the procedures of the Peace-Support Operations and the procedures of the grid forces during the African war 1961/1974. In a comparative perspective, the interviews are analyzed, in the sixth chapter. In short: by applying a deductive method in the bibliographical review and the implementation and analusis of interviews, it is pretended to demonstrate the timeliness of the procedures conducted in the Campaigns in Africa from 1961 to 1974.
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Keywords
África Quadrícula Conflitualidade Forças Operações Paz Bósnia-Herzegovina Timor-Leste Afeganistão
Citation
Publisher
Academia Militar. Direção de Ensino