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Empoderamento de alunos/as na educação pelos pares: um projeto sobre sexualidade e gravidez na adolescência
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Abstract(s)
A adolescência compreende um estágio no desenvolvimento humano de intensas modificações
biopsicossociais, sendo inerente a este período o desligamento com a infância e o ensejo à construção
da identidade adulta. A adolescência é tida como uma fase de vulnerabilidade, onde o estímulo
precoce da sexualidade e a falta de informações e orientações adequadas sobre essa temática podem
ocasionar a gravidez precoce. Frente à necessidade de medidas socioeducativas sobre o tema, sentiu-se
necessidade de empoderar equipes de alunos/as para intervir junto de outros/as na comunidade
escolar, utilizando como estratégia a educação pelos pares. Formulou-se então a questão de pesquisa:
será que uma introdução sobre sexualidade e gravidez através da Educação pelos Pares poderá ter
efeitos nas aprendizagens dos/das adolescentes que nelas participam, podendo ainda contribuir para
a promoção da saúde sexual e reprodutiva de alunos/as da escola? Essa compreensão de educação em
saúde é apresentada na proposta de Paulo Freire que denomina a educação popular como um processo
que seja capaz de mudar a sociedade, favorecer o diálogo e a capacidade de ouvir o outro, para educá-lo
e para educar-se com ele, levando em conta as representações dos sujeitos, sua trajetória de vida,
experiências, saberes e culturas. A pesquisa ação realizada, com estudo descritivo e classificação
qualitativa e quantitativa descritiva, que teve como finalidade empoderar estudantes e constituir
equipes de intervenção em Educação pelos Pares sobre sexualidade e prevenção de gravidez na
adolescência. Participaram adolescentes de ambos os sexos, de 14 a 19 anos de idade, matriculados
em uma escola Estadual no município de Imperatriz MA – Brasil que aceitaram participar da pesquisa.
A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir da aplicação de questionário antes da intervenção a 34
alunos/as, encontros de seis sessões com a equipe selecionada de 09 alunos/as, exposição da oficina
educativa e questionário com 19 alunos/as após a intervenção de atividade de educação pelos pares.
Os resultados mostram que de entre os/as 34 adolescentes entrevistados/as 16 foram do sexo
masculino, e 18 do sexo feminino, a faixa etária com maior prevalência foi de 15 anos. Todos
afirmam estar solteiros/as e não trabalhar fora de casa. Os/as mais interessados em participar da
pesquisa estão cursando o primeiro ano do ensino médio. Desse grupo apenas 15 afirmam já ter
iniciado a vida sexual, 09 do sexo masculino e 06 do sexo feminino. A sexarca ocorreu mais cedo
para as meninas aos 14 anos e 15 anos para os meninos. Relacionado a multiplicidade de parceiros/as,
a prevalência se destacou entre os meninos referindo 6 a 10 parceiros.Observa-se ser o preservativo
masculino o método contraceptivo mais utilizado principalmente entre o sexo masculino e apenas 04
do sexo feminino. Dentre as 06 do sexo feminino, 03 relatam usar anticoncepcional oral e 01
anticoncepcional injetável. Relativo as IST todos/todas afirmam nunca ter contraído. Referente a
assuntos sobre sexualidade, a maioria prioriza buscar informações através de pesquisas na internet.
Conclui-se assim que a investigação foi eficaz e significativa para os/as participantes, reduzida no seu empoderamento e difusão das aprendizagens junto dos colegas da escola. Assim, a finalidade
proposta pela intervenção de educação pelos pares superou todas expectativas, tanto pelos/as
adolescentes empoderados/as que conseguiram ser multiplicadores/as de excelência, quanto pelos/as
adolescentes participantes que nela se envolveram.
Adolescence comprises a stage in human development of intense biopsychosocial changes, with disconnection from childhood and the opportunity to build adult identity inherent in this period. Adolescence is seen as a phase of vulnerability, where the early stimulation of sexuality and the lack of adequate information and guidance on this topic can lead to early pregnancy. Faced with the need for socio-educational measures on the topic, there was a need to empower teams of students to intervene with others in the school community, using peer education as a strategy. The research question was then formulated: could an introduction on sexuality and pregnancy through Peer Education be able to have an effect on the learning of the adolescents who participate in them, and may also contribute to the promotion of sexual and reproductive health of students from school? This understanding of health education is presented in the proposal of Paulo Freire who calls popular education a process that is capable of changing society, favoring dialogue and the ability to listen to others, to educate them and to educate themselves with him, taking into account the subjects' representations, their life trajectory, experiences, knowledge and cultures. The action research carried out, with descriptive study and qualitative and quantitative descriptive classification, aimed at empowering students and constituting intervention teams in Peer Education on sexuality and preventing teenage pregnancy. Adolescents of both sexes, from 14 to 19 years old, enrolled in a State school in the city of Imperatriz MA - Brazil, participated in the study and accepted to participate in the research. Data collection was carried out by applying a questionnaire before the intervention to 34 students, meetings of six sessions with the selected team of 09 students, exposure of the educational workshop and questionnaire with 19 students after the intervention of peer education activity. The results show that among the 34 adolescents interviewed, the 16 were male, and 18 female, the age group with the highest prevalence was 15 years. Everyone claims to be single and not working outside the home. Those most interested in participating in the research are in the first year of high school. Of this group, only 15 claim to have started their sexual life, 09 male and 06 female. Sexarche occurred earlier for girls at age 14 and 15 for boys. Related to the multiplicity of partners, the prevalence stood out among boys, referring to 6 to 10 partners. It is observed that the male condom is the contraceptive method most used mainly among males and only 04 females. Among the 06 females, 03 reported using oral contraceptives and 01 injectable contraceptives. Regarding STIs, all / all claim never to have contracted. Regarding sexuality issues, most prioritize seeking information through internet searches. It is concluded, therefore, that the research was effective and significant for the participants, reduced in their empowerment and dissemination of learning among their schoolmates. Thus, the purpose proposed by the peer education intervention exceeded all expectations, both for empowered adolescents who managed to be multipliers of excellence, and for the participating adolescents who were involved in it.
Adolescence comprises a stage in human development of intense biopsychosocial changes, with disconnection from childhood and the opportunity to build adult identity inherent in this period. Adolescence is seen as a phase of vulnerability, where the early stimulation of sexuality and the lack of adequate information and guidance on this topic can lead to early pregnancy. Faced with the need for socio-educational measures on the topic, there was a need to empower teams of students to intervene with others in the school community, using peer education as a strategy. The research question was then formulated: could an introduction on sexuality and pregnancy through Peer Education be able to have an effect on the learning of the adolescents who participate in them, and may also contribute to the promotion of sexual and reproductive health of students from school? This understanding of health education is presented in the proposal of Paulo Freire who calls popular education a process that is capable of changing society, favoring dialogue and the ability to listen to others, to educate them and to educate themselves with him, taking into account the subjects' representations, their life trajectory, experiences, knowledge and cultures. The action research carried out, with descriptive study and qualitative and quantitative descriptive classification, aimed at empowering students and constituting intervention teams in Peer Education on sexuality and preventing teenage pregnancy. Adolescents of both sexes, from 14 to 19 years old, enrolled in a State school in the city of Imperatriz MA - Brazil, participated in the study and accepted to participate in the research. Data collection was carried out by applying a questionnaire before the intervention to 34 students, meetings of six sessions with the selected team of 09 students, exposure of the educational workshop and questionnaire with 19 students after the intervention of peer education activity. The results show that among the 34 adolescents interviewed, the 16 were male, and 18 female, the age group with the highest prevalence was 15 years. Everyone claims to be single and not working outside the home. Those most interested in participating in the research are in the first year of high school. Of this group, only 15 claim to have started their sexual life, 09 male and 06 female. Sexarche occurred earlier for girls at age 14 and 15 for boys. Related to the multiplicity of partners, the prevalence stood out among boys, referring to 6 to 10 partners. It is observed that the male condom is the contraceptive method most used mainly among males and only 04 females. Among the 06 females, 03 reported using oral contraceptives and 01 injectable contraceptives. Regarding STIs, all / all claim never to have contracted. Regarding sexuality issues, most prioritize seeking information through internet searches. It is concluded, therefore, that the research was effective and significant for the participants, reduced in their empowerment and dissemination of learning among their schoolmates. Thus, the purpose proposed by the peer education intervention exceeded all expectations, both for empowered adolescents who managed to be multipliers of excellence, and for the participating adolescents who were involved in it.
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Keywords
Sexualidade Gravidez na adolescência Educação pelos pares