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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
El objeto de estudio de la presente disertación es la arquitectura bioclimática en Galicia,
comunidad situada al noroeste de la península ibérica. La investigación surge fruto de una
manera de entender la arquitectura como un elemento que debe relacionarse con el entorno
en el que se ubica, aprovechando las condiciones del medio a su favor para generar ahorro
energético y un mayor confort a sus ocupantes.
El carácter limitado de recursos energéticos, junto con los problemas actuales de
contaminación, pone en evidencia la necesidad de un cambio de rumbo en la mentalidad de
la sociedad. La arquitectura tiene un importante papel en este cambio, y esta disertación
busca colaborar en este incipiente campo de investigación en Galicia.
La escasez de publicaciones específicas para la comunidad gallega provoca que la
investigación se enfoque, en una primera fase, en conocer mejor la situación actual de la
arquitectura bioclimática gallega, que se realiza a través del estudio de ejemplos
contemporáneos construidos. Este estudio permite conocer mejor las técnicas bioclimáticas
que se están aplicando en Galicia en los últimos 15 años, y con qué frecuencia; en qué lugares
se encuentra un mayor número de construcciones de este tipo, y sus características, a través
de las 25 obras analizadas, de manera a observar la implantación de esta arquitectura en la
comunidad. En una segunda parte del trabajo se analizan las diferentes zonas climáticas de
Galicia a través de los datos climáticos por horas de ciudades de referencia, para establecer
estrategias arquitectónicas bioclimáticas adecuadas a cada clima. Estas estrategias
recomendadas se establecen con la ayuda de distintos tipos de software como Ecotect y
Meteonorm, y otras herramientas de apoyo.
La metodología a seguir se basa en un análisis comparativo (multicaso) tanto en la primera
parte del trabajo como en la segunda, utilizando varios métodos de recogida de información
para obtener los conocimientos necesarios. El trabajo está compuesto principalmente por
cinco partes: las dos primeras se centran en introducción y fundamentación teórica; las dos
siguientes, cada una correspondiente a uno de los objetivos propuesto; y una última parte
con las conclusiones generales y específicas a cada objetivo.
Ambos objetivos se correlacionan al final del trabajo, ya que cada una de las técnicas
bioclimáticas pasivas analizadas en la primera parte, se engloba dentro de una de las
estrategias propuestas en la segunda parte de la investigación. Con ello, se puede comprobar,
si las construcciones de los últimos años están siguiendo las estrategias recomendadas en
esta investigación o, si por el contrario, siguen una línea de actuación diferente.
Tras realizar la investigación, se concluye que las estrategias bioclimáticas recomendadas para
Galicia se corresponden, en líneas generales, con las adoptadas por los autores de las
edificaciones estudiadas, aunque sería recomendable una mayor exploración de algunas de
las técnicas, ya que actualmente en la mayor parte de los casos se aplican las técnicas más
conocidas, o las que requieren una inversión inicial menor.
Abstract: The object of study of this work is the bioclimatic architecture in Galicia, a region located in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. The research comes from the way of understanding the architecture as an element that must be related with its surroundings, taking advantage of the environmental conditions to its favor in order to generate energy savings and a greater comfort for its occupants. The limited nature of the energy resources, along with the current problems of pollution, brings the necessity of a change in the society mentality. The architecture has an important role in this change, and this work looks forward to cooperate in this emerging research field in Galicia. The low numbers of specific publications for this region causes that the research focuses, in the first phase, on knowing better the actual position of the Galician bioclimatic architecture. This is done through the study of recent buildings examples. This research allows to discover the bioclimatic techniques that have been applied in Galicia in the last 15 years and how often, in which places are founded most of the buildings of this kind, and its characteristics, through the 25 analyzed buildings, in order to observe the establishment of this architecture in the community. In the second phase of this work are analyzed the different weather zones in Galicia, using the climatic data by hours of the referral cities, in order to establish bioclimatic architectonic strategies adequate to each one. These recommended strategies are established with the help of different software, as Ecotect and Meteonorm, and others supporting tools. The methodology followed is based on a comparative analysis (multicase), both in the first phase and in the second phase, employing several methods of data collection in order to obtain the needed results. The work consists of five parts mainly: The first two focus on the introduction and the theoretical foundation; in the next two are developed each of the main goals proposed; and the last one contains the general and specific conclusions of each objective. Both goals are related at the end of the work, since the passive bioclimatic techniques analyzed in the first phase are part of the strategies proposed in the second phase of the research. With this it can be checked if the buildings from the last years are following the strategies recommended in this research or if, in the other hand, are following different paths. After the research, it can be concluded that recommended bioclimatic strategies for Galicia correspond, overall, with the adopted by the authors of the studied buildings, although it would be recommendable a deeper exploration of some of the techniques, since nowadays in most of the cases are used the most known techniques, or those that require a lower initial investment.
Abstract: The object of study of this work is the bioclimatic architecture in Galicia, a region located in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. The research comes from the way of understanding the architecture as an element that must be related with its surroundings, taking advantage of the environmental conditions to its favor in order to generate energy savings and a greater comfort for its occupants. The limited nature of the energy resources, along with the current problems of pollution, brings the necessity of a change in the society mentality. The architecture has an important role in this change, and this work looks forward to cooperate in this emerging research field in Galicia. The low numbers of specific publications for this region causes that the research focuses, in the first phase, on knowing better the actual position of the Galician bioclimatic architecture. This is done through the study of recent buildings examples. This research allows to discover the bioclimatic techniques that have been applied in Galicia in the last 15 years and how often, in which places are founded most of the buildings of this kind, and its characteristics, through the 25 analyzed buildings, in order to observe the establishment of this architecture in the community. In the second phase of this work are analyzed the different weather zones in Galicia, using the climatic data by hours of the referral cities, in order to establish bioclimatic architectonic strategies adequate to each one. These recommended strategies are established with the help of different software, as Ecotect and Meteonorm, and others supporting tools. The methodology followed is based on a comparative analysis (multicase), both in the first phase and in the second phase, employing several methods of data collection in order to obtain the needed results. The work consists of five parts mainly: The first two focus on the introduction and the theoretical foundation; in the next two are developed each of the main goals proposed; and the last one contains the general and specific conclusions of each objective. Both goals are related at the end of the work, since the passive bioclimatic techniques analyzed in the first phase are part of the strategies proposed in the second phase of the research. With this it can be checked if the buildings from the last years are following the strategies recommended in this research or if, in the other hand, are following different paths. After the research, it can be concluded that recommended bioclimatic strategies for Galicia correspond, overall, with the adopted by the authors of the studied buildings, although it would be recommendable a deeper exploration of some of the techniques, since nowadays in most of the cases are used the most known techniques, or those that require a lower initial investment.
Description
Keywords
Arquitectura bioclimática Energia Racionalização do consumo