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O doente oncológico em programa de quimioterapia: Projeto de Desenvolvimento de Competências Clínicas Especializadas na Área de Enfermagem à Pessoa em Situação Crónica
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Abstract(s)
A gestão das doenças crónicas, como o cancro, requer um acompanhamento contínuo e
abrangente para garantir o sucesso terapêutico e a qualidade de vida dos doentes. No contexto
oncológico, o tratamento com recurso à quimioterapia desempenha um papel fundamental,
podendo, em alguns casos, ser complementada com outras terapias, tal como o transplante de
medula óssea. O tratamento da pessoa com doença oncológica requer cuidados de enfermagem
especializados, a quem compete a administração segura dos diversos tipos de tratamento,
desempenhando um papel de especial relevo na avaliação contínua dos sintomas e efeitos
colaterais, na promoção da adesão ao tratamento, na gestão da dor e na melhoria da qualidade
de vida dos doentes e das suas famílias. Neste sentido, os enfermeiros devem estar capacitados
para oferecer cuidados de qualidade baseados em evidência científica, contribuindo para
melhores resultados clínicos e experiências de saúde mais positivas.
Este relatório apresenta os resultados da aplicação de um projeto de desenvolvimento de
competências clínicas especializadas em enfermagem médico-cirúrgica, na área da enfermagem
à pessoa em situação crónica, orientado ao doente oncológico em programa de quimioterapia.
Foi desenvolvido durante a Unidade Curricular Estágio de natureza profissional, com relatório -
Módulo II, que integra o curso de Mestrado em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica na área de
Enfermagem à Pessoa em Situação crónica da Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto (ESEP),
expondo a aquisição e aprofundamento de competências especializadas, bem como uma
reflexão crítica sustentada em referenciais teóricos e práticos adquiridos ao longo de todo este
percurso formativo.
O objetivo deste relatório consistiu em mostrar a aquisição de competências especializadas nos
cuidados ao doente oncológico em tratamento de quimioterapia, não como uma mera condição
de saúde, mas sim, com uma visão integradora e especializada deste tipo de doente em
situação crónica, implicando um conjunto de desafios que recaíram, entre outros, nos domínios
da autogestão e do autocuidado. A concretização deste objetivo teve como base as
competências transversais expressas no Regulamento das Competências Comuns do Enfermeiro
especialista e nas competências específicas do enfermeiro especialista em Enfermagem Médico-
Cirúrgica na Área de Enfermagem à Pessoa em Situação Crónica. O método adotado para atingir
este grande objetivo passou pela necessidade de definir objetivos mais específicos e, ainda,
pelas atividades que os permitiram atingir.
The management of chronic diseases, such as cancer, requires continuous and comprehensive monitoring to ensure therapeutic success and patients' quality of life. In the oncological context, treatment using chemotherapy plays a fundamental role and can, in some cases, be complemented with other therapies, such as bone marrow transplantation. The treatment of people with oncological disease requires specialized nursing care, who are responsible for the safe administration of different types of treatment, playing a particularly important role in the continuous assessment of symptoms and side effects, in promoting adherence to treatment, in the management of pain and improving the quality of life of patients and their families. Therefore, nurses must be trained to offer quality care based on scientific evidence, contributing to better clinical results and more positive health experiences. This report presents the results of the application of a project to develop specialized clinical skills in medical-surgical nursing, in the area of nursing for people with chronic conditions, aimed at cancer patients undergoing a chemotherapy program. It was developed during the Curricular Unit Internship of a professional nature, with report - Module II, which is part of the Master's course in Medical-Surgical Nursing in the area of Nursing for People in Chronic Situations at the Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto (ESEP). One exposes the acquisition and deepening of specialized skills, as well as a critical reflection based on theoretical and practical references acquired throughout this training path. The objective of this report was to show the acquisition of specialized skills in the care of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment, not as a mere health condition, but rather, with an integrative and specialized vision of this type of patient in a chronic situation, implying a set of challenges that fell, among others, in the areas of self-management and self-care. The achievement of this objective was based on the transversal competencies expressed in the Regulation of Common Competences of the Specialist Nurse and the specific competencies of the specialist nurse in Medical-Surgical Nursing in the Area of Nursing for People in Chronic Situations. The method adopted to achieve this major objective involved the need to define more specific objectives and also the activities that allowed them to be achieved.
The management of chronic diseases, such as cancer, requires continuous and comprehensive monitoring to ensure therapeutic success and patients' quality of life. In the oncological context, treatment using chemotherapy plays a fundamental role and can, in some cases, be complemented with other therapies, such as bone marrow transplantation. The treatment of people with oncological disease requires specialized nursing care, who are responsible for the safe administration of different types of treatment, playing a particularly important role in the continuous assessment of symptoms and side effects, in promoting adherence to treatment, in the management of pain and improving the quality of life of patients and their families. Therefore, nurses must be trained to offer quality care based on scientific evidence, contributing to better clinical results and more positive health experiences. This report presents the results of the application of a project to develop specialized clinical skills in medical-surgical nursing, in the area of nursing for people with chronic conditions, aimed at cancer patients undergoing a chemotherapy program. It was developed during the Curricular Unit Internship of a professional nature, with report - Module II, which is part of the Master's course in Medical-Surgical Nursing in the area of Nursing for People in Chronic Situations at the Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto (ESEP). One exposes the acquisition and deepening of specialized skills, as well as a critical reflection based on theoretical and practical references acquired throughout this training path. The objective of this report was to show the acquisition of specialized skills in the care of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment, not as a mere health condition, but rather, with an integrative and specialized vision of this type of patient in a chronic situation, implying a set of challenges that fell, among others, in the areas of self-management and self-care. The achievement of this objective was based on the transversal competencies expressed in the Regulation of Common Competences of the Specialist Nurse and the specific competencies of the specialist nurse in Medical-Surgical Nursing in the Area of Nursing for People in Chronic Situations. The method adopted to achieve this major objective involved the need to define more specific objectives and also the activities that allowed them to be achieved.
Description
Keywords
Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica Oncologia Quimioterapia Transplante de Medula Óssea Relatório de estágio