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PERT/CPM techniques : a pragmatic approach case study of the installation of an industrial photovoltaic plant for self-consumption
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O aumento global do investimento em energias renováveis demonstra uma das necessidades urgentes, a mitigação das alterações climáticas, a redução da queima de combustíveis fósseis e a transição para sistemas energéticos sustentáveis. Em Portugal, os sistemas industriais de autoconsumo fotovoltaico têm sido vistos como uma solução muito promissora para a redução dos custos energéticos e para os objetivos de neutralidade carbónica até 2050. No entanto, a implantação de tais sistemas enfrenta muitos desafios significativos, incluindo derrapagens de custos e atrasos no calendário devido a um planeamento e gestão de recursos deficientes. Esta investigação analisa a integração do Método do Caminho Crítico e da Técnica de Avaliação e Revisão de Programas para resolver esses problemas, tomando como caso de estudo a instalação de um sistema fotovoltaico na ilha de São Miguel, Açores. Avalia a eficácia destas ferramentas na gestão de projetos, sublinhando se foram capazes de reduzir a duração dos atrasos, otimizar a utilização dos recursos e melhorar o desempenho do projeto. Os resultados revelam que, apesar da deficiência no planeamento da fase inicial, as técnicas CPM (Critical Path Method) e PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) melhoraram a previsibilidade e a eficiência do projeto, de modo a obter uma redução de 25% no consumo de energia, juntamente com uma mitigação significativa das emissões de CO₂. As principais aprendizagens deste projeto visam um planeamento adequado, uma forte análise de riscos e formação sobre a utilização de ferramentas de gestão de projetos no seio da equipa. Estas conclusões também contribuem para o avanço das iniciativas de energias renováveis em regiões insulares e não só, com soluções sustentáveis e económicas para os desafios energéticos industriais.
This work outlines the development and implementation of a Self-Consumption Energy Production Unit based on photovoltaic energy, carried out within the scope of the Master’s in Electrical Engineering. The proposed UPAC aims to promote energy sustainability and reduce energy costs through the use of renewable resources. Furthermore, the implemented system is designed to ensure a "continuous"supply of energy to the loads, partially achieving independence from the public electricity grid. The project was a case study applied to Quinta X, for which the site characterisation, the analysis of the existing installation and the design of an optimised photovoltaic system were conducted using the PVsyst software .The main system components, along with their selection and integration criteria, were also presented, ensuring compatibility and efficiency in the implemented solution. Moreover, through an in-depth analysis, strategies were identified to optimise the UPAC’s performance, even under adverse conditions, ensuring robust and stable operation. The project results demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of an efficient and sustainable self-consumption energy solution, contributing not only to energy cost reductions but also to the promotion of best practices in the transition toward a cleaner and more independent energy model. Finally, recommendations for future research and improvements are presented to foster the expansion of this approach in Portugal.
This work outlines the development and implementation of a Self-Consumption Energy Production Unit based on photovoltaic energy, carried out within the scope of the Master’s in Electrical Engineering. The proposed UPAC aims to promote energy sustainability and reduce energy costs through the use of renewable resources. Furthermore, the implemented system is designed to ensure a "continuous"supply of energy to the loads, partially achieving independence from the public electricity grid. The project was a case study applied to Quinta X, for which the site characterisation, the analysis of the existing installation and the design of an optimised photovoltaic system were conducted using the PVsyst software .The main system components, along with their selection and integration criteria, were also presented, ensuring compatibility and efficiency in the implemented solution. Moreover, through an in-depth analysis, strategies were identified to optimise the UPAC’s performance, even under adverse conditions, ensuring robust and stable operation. The project results demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of an efficient and sustainable self-consumption energy solution, contributing not only to energy cost reductions but also to the promotion of best practices in the transition toward a cleaner and more independent energy model. Finally, recommendations for future research and improvements are presented to foster the expansion of this approach in Portugal.
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Sistemas Fotovoltaicos Gestão de Projetos CPM PERT Energias Renováveis Sustentabilidade Photovoltaic systems Project management Renewable energy Sustainability