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Os novos produtos de tabaco : caracterização do padrão de consumo em adolescentes e jovens adultos
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Abstract(s)
Esta dissertação tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão narrativa e conhecer os novos produtos de tabaco e analisar o padrão de consumo tabaco em adolescentes e jovens adultos. Para isso, foi realizada uma recolha de informação nas seguintes bases de dados: Pubmed, B-on e Web of Science, incluindo trabalhos publicados posteriormente ao ano 2000.
Segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) o tabagismo é considerado uma epidemia e um problema de saúde pois é uma das maiores ameaças para a saúde pública, responsável por cerca de 8,7 milhões de mortes por ano. Para combater este problema, muitos países têm implementado medidas de controlo do tabagismo. Entre as políticas recomendadas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) encontram-se o aumento de preço; a proibição de fumar em locais públicos; a melhoria da informação para o consumidor, incluindo campanhas públicas de informação, cobertura dos média e divulgação de resultados de estudos; as proibições da publicidade de todos os produtos de tabaco, logotipos e nomes de marcas; as advertências de saúde nas embalagens dos produtos de tabaco; e, por fim, o tratamento para ajudar os fumadores a cessar.
Os novos produtos de tabaco, como os cigarros eletrónicos, são uma preocupação crescente, fornecem tanto nicotina, bem como aromas ou água, os quais são vaporizados e inalados diretamente para os pulmões. São escolhidos, para consumo, por diversas razões: ajuda na cessação tabágica, sensação de serem menos prejudiciais para a saúde, em comparação com o tabaco de combustão, e por serem mais baratos. (Boléo-Tomé, 2019)
Para os adolescentes e jovens adultos, estes sistemas tornam-se atraentes devido a vários fatores, tais como: os inúmeros sabores que podem apresentar; estarem na moda; o design que apresentam, não deixarem cheiro desagradável, serem de utilização fácil no dia-a-dia, entre outros. (Reis Ferreira, 2015)
De acordo com a pesquisa realizada, os resultados obtidos nos estudos utilizados nesta dissertação, sugerem que cerca de 3 milhões de estudantes relataram o uso de qualquer produto de tabaco (Eunice Park Lee, 2022), que a prevalência se manteve constante de 2016 e 2020, e que no geral dos novos produtos de tabaco, o mais utilizado é o cigarro eletrónico (Harry Tattan-Birch, 2021).
The aim of this dissertation is to carry out a narrative review of new tobacco products and to analyze the pattern of tobacco consumption in adolescents and young adults. To this end, information was collected from the following databases: Pubmed, B-on and Web of Science, including works published after the year 2000. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), smoking is considered an epidemic and a health problem as it is one of the greatest threats to public health, responsible for around 8.7 million deaths a year. To combat this problem, many countries have implemented measures to control smoking. Among the policies recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) are price increases; a ban on smoking in public places; improved consumer information, including public information campaigns, media coverage and dissemination of study results; bans on all tobacco product advertising, logos, and brand names; health warnings on tobacco product packaging; and, finally, treatment to help smokers quit. New tobacco products, such as e-cigarettes, are a growing concern, providing nicotine as well as flavorings or water, which are vaporized and inhaled directly into the lungs. They are chosen for consumption for several reasons: they help with smoking cessation, they feel less harmful to health compared to combustion tobacco, and they are cheaper (Boléo-Tomé, 2019). For teenagers and young adults, these systems become attractive due to various factors, such as: the numerous flavors they can present; being fashionable; the design they present, leaving no unpleasant smell, being easy to use daily, among others. (Reis Ferreira, 2015) According to the research carried out, the results obtained in the studies used in this dissertation, suggest that around 3 million students reported using any tobacco product (Eunice Park Lee, 2022), that the prevalence remained constant from 2016 and 2020, and that overall, of the new tobacco products, the most used is the electronic cigarette (Harry Tattan-Birch, 2021).
The aim of this dissertation is to carry out a narrative review of new tobacco products and to analyze the pattern of tobacco consumption in adolescents and young adults. To this end, information was collected from the following databases: Pubmed, B-on and Web of Science, including works published after the year 2000. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), smoking is considered an epidemic and a health problem as it is one of the greatest threats to public health, responsible for around 8.7 million deaths a year. To combat this problem, many countries have implemented measures to control smoking. Among the policies recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) are price increases; a ban on smoking in public places; improved consumer information, including public information campaigns, media coverage and dissemination of study results; bans on all tobacco product advertising, logos, and brand names; health warnings on tobacco product packaging; and, finally, treatment to help smokers quit. New tobacco products, such as e-cigarettes, are a growing concern, providing nicotine as well as flavorings or water, which are vaporized and inhaled directly into the lungs. They are chosen for consumption for several reasons: they help with smoking cessation, they feel less harmful to health compared to combustion tobacco, and they are cheaper (Boléo-Tomé, 2019). For teenagers and young adults, these systems become attractive due to various factors, such as: the numerous flavors they can present; being fashionable; the design they present, leaving no unpleasant smell, being easy to use daily, among others. (Reis Ferreira, 2015) According to the research carried out, the results obtained in the studies used in this dissertation, suggest that around 3 million students reported using any tobacco product (Eunice Park Lee, 2022), that the prevalence remained constant from 2016 and 2020, and that overall, of the new tobacco products, the most used is the electronic cigarette (Harry Tattan-Birch, 2021).
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Novos produtos de tabaco Adolescentes e jovens adultos Consumo do tabaco