Loading...
Publication
Infecções complexas da região maxilo-facial: protocolo de tratamento
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18.63 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
As infeções complexas da região maxilo-facial são condições clínicas de origem
predominantemente odontogénica com capacidade de se disseminarem aos espaços
fasciais profundos. Quando não diagnosticadas precocemente e tratadas agressivamente podem apresentar complicações graves incluindo a obstrução das vias aéreas, trombose do seio cavernoso, pericardite, mediastinite ou choque sético.
O diagnóstico destas infeções reside numa história clínica minuciosa e atento
exame objetivo, com recurso a meios complementares, tanto imagiológicos como
laboratoriais, que auxiliam a obtenção de um diagnóstico definitivo e preciso. A
tomografia computorizada é o exame radiológico gold standard no diagnóstico destas
infeções.
O tratamento das infeções complexas da região maxilo-facial baseia-se em dois
princípios: a drenagem cirúrgica dos espaços afetados e a eliminação do foco de infeção.
Estes dois pilares de tratamento são complementados pela administração de antibióticos
adequados, hidratação e nutrição cuidada do doente, bem como controlo de qualquer
doença sistémica que possa atuar como agente perpetuante da infeção.
O diagnóstico precoce, a manutenção da permeabilidade das vias aéreas, a
adequada drenagem cirúrgica e antibioterapia reduzem a morbilidade e mortalidade
destas infeções.
Complex infections of the maxillofacial region are clinical conditions, mainly odontogenic in origin, and with the ability to spread to deep fascial spaces. When not diagnosed early and treated aggressively may present severe complications, such as airway obstruction, septic shock, cavernous sinus thrombosis, pericarditis or mediastinitis. The diagnosis of these infections lies in a thorough anamnesis and objective examination, using both imaging and laboratory complementary means, which help to obtain a definitive and accurate diagnosis. Computed tomography is the gold standard radiologic exam for these infections. The treatment of complex infections of the maxillofacial region is based on two main principles: the surgical drainage of the affected spaces and the elimination of the infection focus. They are both complemented by the administration of appropriate antibiotics, hydration and adequate nourishment of the patient, as well as the control of any systemic disease that could act as a perpetuating agent factor of the infection. Early diagnosis, maintenance of the airway, an adequate surgical drainage and antibiotics administration reduces the mobility and mortality of these infections.
Complex infections of the maxillofacial region are clinical conditions, mainly odontogenic in origin, and with the ability to spread to deep fascial spaces. When not diagnosed early and treated aggressively may present severe complications, such as airway obstruction, septic shock, cavernous sinus thrombosis, pericarditis or mediastinitis. The diagnosis of these infections lies in a thorough anamnesis and objective examination, using both imaging and laboratory complementary means, which help to obtain a definitive and accurate diagnosis. Computed tomography is the gold standard radiologic exam for these infections. The treatment of complex infections of the maxillofacial region is based on two main principles: the surgical drainage of the affected spaces and the elimination of the infection focus. They are both complemented by the administration of appropriate antibiotics, hydration and adequate nourishment of the patient, as well as the control of any systemic disease that could act as a perpetuating agent factor of the infection. Early diagnosis, maintenance of the airway, an adequate surgical drainage and antibiotics administration reduces the mobility and mortality of these infections.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Infeções complexas Espaços fasciais Drenagem cirúrgica Antibioterapia