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Portugal é responsável pela Busca e Salvamento (SAR) aéreo e marítimo nas suas Áreas de Responsabilidade SAR (SRR) com mais de 5,6 milhões de Km2.
A Força Aérea Portuguesa (FA) mantém um conjunto de meios humanos e materiais em permanente estado de alerta, prontos para desenvolver as exigentes missões SAR respondendo a situações de vidas humanas em perigo com aeronaves e, em colaboração com a marinha, vidas humanas em perigo no mar.
A crescente evolução tecnológica das Plataformas Aéreas não Tripuladas (UAV) e dos sensores que transportam, atingiu tal nível de maturidade, que permite que estas sejam empregues em tarefas cada vez mais complexas, como as missões de busca e salvamento em ambiente marítimo.
Sendo um tema que se reveste de uma importância inequívoca no panorama atual, torna-se extremamente pertinente avaliar a aplicabilidade de UAVs em SAR nas SRR Portuguesas através deste Trabalho de Investigação Individual, subordinado ao tema: “Utilização de UAVs no Dispositivo SAR: Estudo de Aplicabilidade”.
Este estudo foi elaborado com base numa metodologia de raciocínio indutivo, com recurso a uma estratégia de investigação qualitativa com reforço quantitativo, tendo os dados sido recolhidos através de entrevistas semiestruturadas a seis participantes com experiência em temáticas relevantes para esta investigação e de análise documental.
No decorrer deste trabalho foram avaliadas as áreas de maior incidência de eventos SAR nas SRR portuguesas, seguidamente foi selecionada a tipologia de plataforma UAV para SAR nestas áreas e analisada a tipologia de sensores para que estas plataformas pudessem efetuar missões SAR.
Decorrente dos dados analisados neste estudo, concluiu-se que é aplicável empregar meios UAV Classe III nos eventos SAR nas áreas mais remotas das SRR, podendo fazer um uso complementar de UAV Classe II na área de maior número de eventos situada numa faixa de 90Nm da costa do Continente. Concluiu-se também que a utilização de um sensor da tipologia do Visual Detecting and Ranging (ViDAR) que possui elevada capacidade de deteção e cobertura de área, não só permite um maior número de Nm2/HV quando comparado com circuitos de busca de aeronaves tripuladas, como permite encontrar náufragos em vários estados de mar.
Portugal is responsible for aerial and maritime Search and Rescue (SAR) in its area of responsibility (SRR) of over 5,6 million Km2. The Air Force (FA) has human and material resources in a 24/7 alert state ready to conduct SAR operations to any person in peril resulting from emergencies with aircraft, and to cooperate with the navy to assist people in danger at sea. The technological evolution and maturity of the sensors and the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) platforms have reached such level that, they are now able to be applied to the complex SAR maritime missions. For these reasons, the objective of this study “The applicability of unmanned aircraft vehicles (UAV) in SAR on the Portuguese search and rescue regions (SRR)”, is an unequivocally important subject in today’s circumstances. This study was based on an inductive reasoning methodology, using a qualitative research strategy with a quantitative reinforcement, and the data was gathered with the use of semi-structured interviews made to six participants with relevant experience in the subject of study and from documental research. During this investigation, the main real SAR area events were evaluated, the UAV class type to operate in these areas was selected, and the type of sensors to perform SAR with UAVs was analyzed. As a result of this study we have concluded that it is applicable to use Class III UAVs for SAR in more remote areas, and the complementary use Class II UAVs in an area of high number of events within 90Nm of the mainland shore. We have also concluded that the use of an optical radar such as Visual Detecting and Ranging (ViDAR), which has a high probability of detection and area coverage, not only allows a greater number of Nm2 per Flying Hour, when compared to manned platforms, but also is able to detect people in the water in various sea state conditions.
Portugal is responsible for aerial and maritime Search and Rescue (SAR) in its area of responsibility (SRR) of over 5,6 million Km2. The Air Force (FA) has human and material resources in a 24/7 alert state ready to conduct SAR operations to any person in peril resulting from emergencies with aircraft, and to cooperate with the navy to assist people in danger at sea. The technological evolution and maturity of the sensors and the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) platforms have reached such level that, they are now able to be applied to the complex SAR maritime missions. For these reasons, the objective of this study “The applicability of unmanned aircraft vehicles (UAV) in SAR on the Portuguese search and rescue regions (SRR)”, is an unequivocally important subject in today’s circumstances. This study was based on an inductive reasoning methodology, using a qualitative research strategy with a quantitative reinforcement, and the data was gathered with the use of semi-structured interviews made to six participants with relevant experience in the subject of study and from documental research. During this investigation, the main real SAR area events were evaluated, the UAV class type to operate in these areas was selected, and the type of sensors to perform SAR with UAVs was analyzed. As a result of this study we have concluded that it is applicable to use Class III UAVs for SAR in more remote areas, and the complementary use Class II UAVs in an area of high number of events within 90Nm of the mainland shore. We have also concluded that the use of an optical radar such as Visual Detecting and Ranging (ViDAR), which has a high probability of detection and area coverage, not only allows a greater number of Nm2 per Flying Hour, when compared to manned platforms, but also is able to detect people in the water in various sea state conditions.
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Força Aérea Portuguesa Busca e salvamento Plataformas aéreas não tripuladas Portuguese Air Force UAV SAR