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Intervenção do enfermeiro especialista em enfermagem de reabilitação ao cliente com enfarte agudo do miocárdio em programa de reabilitação cardíaca
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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Segundo Rocha & Nogueira (2015) em Portugal, as doenças cardiovasculares
são responsáveis por 30% do número do total de óbitos, sendo a principal causa de
morte. A angina de peito e o enfarte agudo do miocárdio são as principais
manifestações das doenças coronárias (Quinn, Webster & Hatchett, 2006), sendo que
anualmente morrem quatro mil pessoas com EAM no nosso País (Rocha & Nogueira,
2015). Estas doenças, são igualmente causadoras de perda de anos de vida saudável,
com comprometimento funcional físico e mental, sendo fundamental o recurso à
reabilitação cardíaca, com o intuito de minimizar este comprometimento, maximizando
as capacidades do cliente. A reabilitação cardíaca é caracterizada como um processo
fundamental nestes eventos agudos e posteriormente atuando de forma preventiva,
sendo a mesma, definida como uma intervenção multifatorial e abrangente na
prevenção secundária, sendo realizada para limitar os efeitos fisiológicos e
psicológicos da doença cardiovascular (Back, Hansen e Frederix, 2017). A mesma
encontra-se dividida em três fases (intra-hospitalar, ambulatório e intervenção a longo
prazo) e é composta por etapas-chave que permitem o retorno à vida normal após um
evento coronário (Piepoli et al., 2016). Como tal, estas etapas, abrangem um conjunto
de componentes que são fundamentais, como por exemplo: a educação para a saúde,
a promoção do autocuidado, o controlo não farmacológico dos fatores de risco
cardiovasculares e principalmente o treino de exercício no qual o Enfermeiro
Especialista em Enfermagem de Reabilitação tem a sua principal intervenção
promovendo a autonomia e a capacitação do cliente e família na realização das
atividades de vida diária. O EEER é detentor de conhecimentos teóricos-práticos que
lhe permitem um conhecimento detalhado sobre o cliente de quem cuida, contribuindo
para a maximização das suas potencialidades, prevenindo simultaneamente
complicações a longo prazo e melhoria da qualidade de vida. O modelo conceptual
dos cuidados de enfermagem de reabilitação no qual se baseou este trabalho foi a
Teoria do Défice de Autocuidado, onde o cliente assume o papel principal como
responsável pelo seu autocuidado, ou o EEER compensa as necessidades de
autocuidado que o mesmo sente limitação para as realizar.
Assim pretende-se com este relatório uma visão descritiva, analítica e reflexiva
das atividades desenvolvidas ao longos dos contextos a fim de desenvolver as
competências comuns do EE e específicas do EEER no cliente com EAM durante o
seu processo de reabilitação cardíaca.
According to Rocha & Nogueira (2015) in Portugal, the cardiovascular diseases are responsible for 30% of the total number of fatalities, being the leading cause of death. The angina pectoris and the acute myocardial infarction are the main manifestations of coronary heart diseases (Quinn, Webster & Hatchett, 2006), every year four thousand people die with EAM (Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis) in our Country (Rocha & Nogueira, 2015). These diseases are also the cause of loss of years of healthy life, with physical and mental functional compromise which the use of cardiac rehabilitation is essential, with the aim of minimizing this compromise, maximizing the client's capacities. The cardiac rehabilitation is characterized as a fundamental process in these acute events and subsequently acting in a preventive manner, being the same, defined as a multifactorial and comprehensive intervention in secondary prevention, being performed to limit the physiological and psychological effects of cardiovascular disease (Back, Hansen and Frederix, 2017). It is divided into three phases (in-hospital, outpatient and long-term intervention) and consists of key steps that allow a return to normal life after a coronary event (Piepoli et al., 2016). As such, these steps cover a set of components that are fundamental, such as: health education, the promotion of self-care, the non-pharmacological control of cardiovascular risk factors and mainly the exercise training in which the Specialist Nurse in Rehabilitation Nursing has its main intervention promoting the autonomy and training of the client and family in carrying out activities of daily living. The EEER has theoretical and practical knowledge that allows it to have detailed knowledge about the client it cares for, contributing to the maximization of its potentials, while preventing long-term complications and improving the quality of life. The conceptual model of rehabilitation nursing care on which this work was based was the Self-Care Deficit Theory, where the client assumes the main role as responsible for his self-care, or the EEER compensates for the self-care needs that he feels limited to carry them out. Thus, this report aims to provide a descriptive, analytical and reflective view of the activities developed throughout the contexts in order to develop the common EE and specific EEER skills in the client with EAM during their cardiac rehabilitation process.
According to Rocha & Nogueira (2015) in Portugal, the cardiovascular diseases are responsible for 30% of the total number of fatalities, being the leading cause of death. The angina pectoris and the acute myocardial infarction are the main manifestations of coronary heart diseases (Quinn, Webster & Hatchett, 2006), every year four thousand people die with EAM (Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis) in our Country (Rocha & Nogueira, 2015). These diseases are also the cause of loss of years of healthy life, with physical and mental functional compromise which the use of cardiac rehabilitation is essential, with the aim of minimizing this compromise, maximizing the client's capacities. The cardiac rehabilitation is characterized as a fundamental process in these acute events and subsequently acting in a preventive manner, being the same, defined as a multifactorial and comprehensive intervention in secondary prevention, being performed to limit the physiological and psychological effects of cardiovascular disease (Back, Hansen and Frederix, 2017). It is divided into three phases (in-hospital, outpatient and long-term intervention) and consists of key steps that allow a return to normal life after a coronary event (Piepoli et al., 2016). As such, these steps cover a set of components that are fundamental, such as: health education, the promotion of self-care, the non-pharmacological control of cardiovascular risk factors and mainly the exercise training in which the Specialist Nurse in Rehabilitation Nursing has its main intervention promoting the autonomy and training of the client and family in carrying out activities of daily living. The EEER has theoretical and practical knowledge that allows it to have detailed knowledge about the client it cares for, contributing to the maximization of its potentials, while preventing long-term complications and improving the quality of life. The conceptual model of rehabilitation nursing care on which this work was based was the Self-Care Deficit Theory, where the client assumes the main role as responsible for his self-care, or the EEER compensates for the self-care needs that he feels limited to carry them out. Thus, this report aims to provide a descriptive, analytical and reflective view of the activities developed throughout the contexts in order to develop the common EE and specific EEER skills in the client with EAM during their cardiac rehabilitation process.
Description
Keywords
Enfermagem em reabilitação Enfarte do miocárdio Reabilitação cardíaca Autocuidado