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Disfagia e saúde oral : um olhar integrativo na promoção do envelhecimento saudável
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Introdução: O envelhecimento populacional associa-se a um aumento da prevalência de condições que podem comprometer a funcionalidade, a autonomia e a qualidade de vida da pessoa idosa. Neste contexto, a disfagia e as alterações da saúde oral constituem condições frequentes que podem comprometer a alimentação, o estado nutricional e o bem-estar dos idosos.
Objetivos: Analisar a associação entre disfagia e condição de saúde oral em idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizados.
Materiais e Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo observacional transversal com uma amostra de conveniência constituída por 122 participantes com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, dos quais 60 institucionalizados e 62 não institucionalizados. A disfagia foi avaliada através do questionário Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10). A condição de saúde oral foi avaliada através do índice de dentes cariados, perdidos e obturados (CPOD) e da utilização de prótese dentária. Foram utilizados testes estatísticos não paramétricos, considerando-se (p < 0,05).
Resultados: A prevalência de sintomas sugestivos de disfagia foi de 34,4%. O valor médio do índice CPOD foi de 19,28 ± 6,80. Não foram observadas associações estatisticamente significativas entre disfagia e índice CPOD (p = 0,5846), nem entre disfagia e utilização de prótese dentária superior (p = 1,000) ou inferior (p = 0,4897).
Também não se verificaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas na prevalência de disfagia entre idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizados (p = 0,4113). Verificaram-se, contudo, valores significativamente mais elevados do índice CPOD nos participantes institucionalizados (p < 0,001).
Conclusões: Não foi identificada associação estatisticamente significativa entre disfagia e os indicadores de saúde oral avaliados. Os participantes institucionalizados apresentaram valores de CPOD significativamente superiores aos participantes não institucionalizados.
Introduction: An ageing population is associated with an increase in the prevalence of conditions that can impair older people’s functionality, independence and quality of life. In this context, dysphagia and oral health problems are common conditions that can affect older people’s ability to eat, their nutritional status and their well-being. Objectives: To investigate the association between dysphagia and oral health status in institutionalised and non-institutionalised older adults. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using a convenience sample of 122 participants aged 60 years or older, of whom 60 were institutionalised and 62 were not. dysphagia was assessed using the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) questionnaire. Oral health status was assessed using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled teeth (DMFT) index and the use of dentures. Nonparametric statistical tests were used, with a significance level of (p < 0,05). Results: The prevalence of symptoms suggestive of dysphagia was 34.4%. The mean DMFT index score was 19.28 ± 6.80. No statistically significant associations were observed between dysphagia and the DMFT index (p = 0.5846), nor between dysphagia and the use of upper dentures (p = 1.000) or lower dentures (p = 0.4897). No statistically significant differences were found in the prevalence of dysphagia between institutionalised and non-institutionalised older adults (p = 0.4113). However, significantly higher DMFT index scores were observed in institutionalised participants (p < 0.001). Conclusions: No statistically significant association was found between dysphagia and the oral health indicators assessed. Institutionalised participants had significantly higher DMFT scores than non-institutionalised participants.
Introduction: An ageing population is associated with an increase in the prevalence of conditions that can impair older people’s functionality, independence and quality of life. In this context, dysphagia and oral health problems are common conditions that can affect older people’s ability to eat, their nutritional status and their well-being. Objectives: To investigate the association between dysphagia and oral health status in institutionalised and non-institutionalised older adults. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using a convenience sample of 122 participants aged 60 years or older, of whom 60 were institutionalised and 62 were not. dysphagia was assessed using the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) questionnaire. Oral health status was assessed using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled teeth (DMFT) index and the use of dentures. Nonparametric statistical tests were used, with a significance level of (p < 0,05). Results: The prevalence of symptoms suggestive of dysphagia was 34.4%. The mean DMFT index score was 19.28 ± 6.80. No statistically significant associations were observed between dysphagia and the DMFT index (p = 0.5846), nor between dysphagia and the use of upper dentures (p = 1.000) or lower dentures (p = 0.4897). No statistically significant differences were found in the prevalence of dysphagia between institutionalised and non-institutionalised older adults (p = 0.4113). However, significantly higher DMFT index scores were observed in institutionalised participants (p < 0.001). Conclusions: No statistically significant association was found between dysphagia and the oral health indicators assessed. Institutionalised participants had significantly higher DMFT scores than non-institutionalised participants.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Palavras-chave
Idoso Saúde oral Disfagia Institucionalizado