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Beach sand and the potential for infectious disease transmission: observations and recommendations

2016-02Artigo científico Acesso restrito
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dc.contributor.authorSolo-Gabriele, Helena M.
dc.contributor.authorHarwood, Valerie J.
dc.contributor.authorKay, David
dc.contributor.authorFujioka, Roger S.
dc.contributor.authorSadowsky, Michael J.
dc.contributor.authorWhitman, Richard L.
dc.contributor.authorWither, Andrew
dc.contributor.authorCaniça, Manuela
dc.contributor.authorFonseca, Rita Carvalho da
dc.contributor.authorDuarte, Aida
dc.contributor.authorEdge, Thomas A.
dc.contributor.authorGargaté, Maria J.
dc.contributor.authorGunde-Cimerman, Nina
dc.contributor.authorHagen, Ferry
dc.contributor.authorMcLellan, Sandra L.
dc.contributor.authorSilva, Alexandra Nogueira da
dc.contributor.authorBabič, Monika Novak
dc.contributor.authorPrada, Susana
dc.contributor.authorRodrigues, Raquel
dc.contributor.authorRomão, Daniela
dc.contributor.authorSabino, Raquel
dc.contributor.authorSamson, Robert A.
dc.contributor.authorSegal, Esther
dc.contributor.authorStaley, Christopher
dc.contributor.authorTaylor, Huw D.
dc.contributor.authorVeríssimo, Cristina
dc.contributor.authorViegas, Carla
dc.contributor.authorBarroso, Helena
dc.contributor.authorBrandão, João C.
dc.date.accessioned2017-08-04T15:50:43Z
dc.date.available2017-08-04T15:50:43Z
dc.date.issued2016-02
dc.description.abstract"Recent studies suggest that sand can serve as a vehicle for exposure of humans to pathogens at beach sites, resulting in increased health risks. Sampling for microorganisms in sand should therefore be considered for inclusion in regulatory programmes aimed at protecting recreational beach users from infectious disease. Here, we review the literature on pathogen levels in beach sand, and their potential for affecting human health. In an effort to provide specific recommendations for sand sampling programmes, we outline published guidelines for beach monitoring programmes, which are currently focused exclusively on measuring microbial levels in water. We also provide background on spatial distribution and temporal characteristics of microbes in sand, as these factors influence sampling programmes. First steps toward establishing a sand sampling programme include identifying appropriate beach sites and use of initial sanitary assessments to refine site selection. A tiered approach is recommended for monitoring. This approach would include the analysis of samples from many sites for faecal indicator organisms and other conventional analytes, while testing for specific pathogens and unconventional indicators is reserved for high-risk sites. Given the diversity of microbes found in sand, studies are urgently needed to identify the most significant aetiological agent of disease and to relate microbial measurements in sand to human health risk."pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationSolo-Gabriele, H., Harwood, V., Kay, D., Fujioka, R., Sadowsky, M., Whitman, R., . . . Brandão, J. (2016). Beach sand and the potential for infectious disease transmission: Observations and recommendations. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 96(1), 101-120. doi:10.1017/S0025315415000843pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1017/S0025315415000843pt_PT
dc.identifier.issn0025-3154
dc.identifier.issn1469-7769
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/18762
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherCambridge University Presspt_PT
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315415000843pt_PT
dc.subjectBeach sandpt_PT
dc.subjectmicrobespt_PT
dc.subjectbacteriapt_PT
dc.subjectfungipt_PT
dc.titleBeach sand and the potential for infectious disease transmission: observations and recommendationspt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/SFRH/SFRH%2FBPD%2F72775%2F2010/PT
oaire.citation.endPage120pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage101pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleJournal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdompt_PT
oaire.citation.volume96(1)pt_PT
oaire.fundingStreamSFRH
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.embargofctPolítica de copyright do editorpt_PT
rcaap.rightsrestrictedAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isProjectOfPublication38b5c23b-f933-454a-b14f-a8d3708cc860
relation.isProjectOfPublication.latestForDiscovery38b5c23b-f933-454a-b14f-a8d3708cc860

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