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Medição de biomarcadores de stress em cavalos durante um concurso de endurance
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Abstract(s)
O bem-estar do cavalo tem sido recentemente estudado durante competições equestres. Este estudo tem como objectivo avaliar o stress em cavalos durante um concurso de endurance, medindo a temperatura ocular por termografia, a frequência cardíaca e avaliando os fatores que possam ser responsáveis pelo stress de competição. Foram avaliados 37 cavalos durante dois concursos: um de 40km e outro de 80km no mesmo dia e hora, após as grelhas veterinárias. A análise estatística foi efectuada através do programa SAS (SAS Institute, 2004). Os resultados demostraram que o tipo de competição influenciou (6,55 e 4,18) a temperatura ocular (TOcular) e a frequência cardíaca (P˂0,05) respectivamente. A temperatura ambiente influenciou significativamente a (13,95) a FC e (P˂0,01) e a idade influenciou (5,69) a temperatura ocular (P˂0,05) no final da competição. Os resultados mostraram que durante a competição há uma correlação positiva entre a temperatura do olho (0,242), a temperatura ambiente (0,794), o teste de Ridgway (0,730), o movimento intestinal (0,422), a distância percorrida (0,587) e a frequência cardíaca (P˂0,01). Os resultados mostraram também uma correlação positiva entre a distância percorrida (0,494), o movimento intestinal (0,397), a temperatura ambiente (0,259), a humidade relativa (0,242), a velocidade média (0,289) e a temperatura do olho (P˂0,01), e uma correlação negativa entre a humidade relativa (-0,389) e a temperatura do olho (P˂0,01). O tipo de competição e a grelha veterinária influenciaram (9,55) e (6.23) respectivamente a temperatura do olho (P˂0,01) e a grelha veterinária influenciou significativamente (14,94) a frequência cardíaca (P˂0,0001). A classificação do cavalo e a sua velocidade média não influenciaram a frequência cardíaca nem a temperatura ocular (P˃0,05) durante a prova. Observou-se um aumento da frequência cardíaca e da temperatura ocular ao longo da prova, sabendo que factores extrínsecos e intrínsecos foram responsáveis por este aumento. Embora não possamos afirmar taxativamente que estes resultados obtidos foram devido a causas de stress ou devido ao exercício físico (uma vez que este também é responsável pelo aumento da temperatura corporal), o facto de os cavalos mais velhos (mais experientes) terem mostrado valores de TOcular consistentemente mais baixos que cavalos mais jovens revela-se como um resultado bastante interessante parecendo reforçar o stress como causa principal. Podemos concluir que a termografia por infravermelhos é o melhor método para registar a temperatura ocular durante uma competição.
Equine welfare has been recently studied during sport competitions. The aims of this study were to evaluate stress in horses during an endurance competition, measuring the ocular temperature, the heart rate and evaluate the related factors that may be responsible for the stress of competition. Thirty seven horses were studied in two competitions of 40km and 80km on the same day and hour, after all vetgates of the competition. Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS program (SAS Institute, 2004). Results demonstrate that the type of the competition influenced (6,55 and 4,18) ocular temperature (Tocular) and FC (P <0.05) respectively. Ambient temperature influenced significantly (13,95) the FC (P<0,01) and age influenced (5,69) the Tocular (P<0,05) at the end of the competition. The results showed that during competition there is a positive correlation between the eye temperature (0,242), the ambient temperature (0,794), the Ridgway test (0,730), the bowel movement (0.422), distance traveled (0.587) and heart rate (P <0.01). The statistical analysis showed a positive correlation between the distance covered (0.494), the bowel movement (0.397) the ambient temperature (0,259), the relative humidity (0.242), the average speed (0.289) and the eye temperature (P <0.01). And it showed too a negative correlation between the relative humidity (-0.389) and the eye temperature (P <0.01). The type of competition and the vetgate influence (9.55) and (6.23) respectively for the eye temperature (P <0.01) and vetgate influences significantly (14,94) to heart rate (P <0, 0001). The classification of the horse and his average speed did not influence the heart rate and eye temperature (P>0.05) during the race. We cobserved an increase in heart rate and eye temperature throughout the test, knowing that extrinsic and intrinsic factors are responsible for it. Although we can not afirm if these results are related to stress or to physical exercise (as this also be responsible for the increase in body temperature), the fact that older (more experienced) horses consistenlly presented lower TOcular when compared to younger horses, seems to reimforce stress as the main cause for the results obtained. We can say that infrared thermography is the best method to record the ocular temperature during a competition.
Equine welfare has been recently studied during sport competitions. The aims of this study were to evaluate stress in horses during an endurance competition, measuring the ocular temperature, the heart rate and evaluate the related factors that may be responsible for the stress of competition. Thirty seven horses were studied in two competitions of 40km and 80km on the same day and hour, after all vetgates of the competition. Statistical analysis was performed using the SAS program (SAS Institute, 2004). Results demonstrate that the type of the competition influenced (6,55 and 4,18) ocular temperature (Tocular) and FC (P <0.05) respectively. Ambient temperature influenced significantly (13,95) the FC (P<0,01) and age influenced (5,69) the Tocular (P<0,05) at the end of the competition. The results showed that during competition there is a positive correlation between the eye temperature (0,242), the ambient temperature (0,794), the Ridgway test (0,730), the bowel movement (0.422), distance traveled (0.587) and heart rate (P <0.01). The statistical analysis showed a positive correlation between the distance covered (0.494), the bowel movement (0.397) the ambient temperature (0,259), the relative humidity (0.242), the average speed (0.289) and the eye temperature (P <0.01). And it showed too a negative correlation between the relative humidity (-0.389) and the eye temperature (P <0.01). The type of competition and the vetgate influence (9.55) and (6.23) respectively for the eye temperature (P <0.01) and vetgate influences significantly (14,94) to heart rate (P <0, 0001). The classification of the horse and his average speed did not influence the heart rate and eye temperature (P>0.05) during the race. We cobserved an increase in heart rate and eye temperature throughout the test, knowing that extrinsic and intrinsic factors are responsible for it. Although we can not afirm if these results are related to stress or to physical exercise (as this also be responsible for the increase in body temperature), the fact that older (more experienced) horses consistenlly presented lower TOcular when compared to younger horses, seems to reimforce stress as the main cause for the results obtained. We can say that infrared thermography is the best method to record the ocular temperature during a competition.
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Keywords
Bem-estar Cavalo Temperatura ocular Frequência cardíaca Stress de competição