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Relatório de estágio em ultrassonografia cardíaca
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Introdução: A ultrassonografia cardíaca é a principal técnica de imagem utilizada na cardiologia clínica, permitindo a avaliação morfológica, funcional e hemodinâmica do coração. Este exame é fundamental para complementar o diagnóstico, orientar decisões terapêuticas e estratificar o prognóstico dos doentes.
Objetivo: Realizar um estágio em ultrassonografia cardíaca no âmbito do Mestrado em Fisiologia Clínica, com análise de variáveis demográficas e ecocardiográficas, bem como discussão de dois casos clínicos relevantes, envolvendo exames realizados no Hospital Geral Covões (Portugal).
Resultados: A amostra analisada incluiu 348 doentes, predominantemente com idade superior a 65 anos e maior representação do sexo masculino. Foram realizados ecocardiogramas transtorácicos, transesofágicos, estudos com sobrecarga farmacológica e ecocardiogramas com contraste. O ecocardiograma transtorácico foi o exame mais utilizado, refletindo seu papel como técnica de primeira linha. As alterações ecocardiográficas mais frequentes incluíram dilatação auricular, dilatação ventricular, valvulopatias e doença da aorta. Os casos clínicos analisados incluíram uma doente do género feminino com estenose aórtica paradoxal “low flow – low gradient” e um doente do género masculino com amiloidose cardíaca, demonstrando a relevância da ecocardiografia como ferramenta de diagnóstico complementar e suporte à decisão terapêutica.
Discussão: A ecocardiografia mostrou elevada concordância com a suspeita clínica, confirmando sua precisão diagnóstica. Os casos clínicos reforçaram a importância da avaliação multimodal, integrando ecocardiografia transtorácica, ecocardiografia de stress e métodos complementares, como tomografia computorizada e análise de strain global longitudinal, na definição diagnóstica e na estratificação do risco.
Conclusão: A ultrassonografia cardíaca constitui uma técnica de imagem essencial na prática clínica da cardiologia, permitindo diagnóstico, monitorização e suporte terapêutico em diversas patologias cardíacas. O estágio proporcionou consolidação de conhecimentos, aquisição de competências técnicas e compreensão aprofundada da aplicação clínica da ecocardiografia, confirmando sua relevância no cuidado ao doente.
Introduction Cardiac ultrasound is the primary imaging technique in clinical cardiology, allowing morphological, functional, and hemodynamic assessment of the heart. This examination is fundamental to complement diagnosis, guide therapeutic decisions, and stratify patient prognosis. Objective To conduct an internship in cardiac ultrasound within the Master’s in Clinical Physiology, analyzing demographic and echocardiographic variables, as well as discussing two relevant clinical cases involving examinations performed at Hospital Geral Covões (Portugal). Results The analyzed sample included 348 patients, predominantly over 65 years old, with a higher representation of males. Transthoracic, transesophageal, pharmacological stress, and contrast echocardiograms were performed. Transthoracic echocardiography was the most frequently used exam, reflecting its role as a first-line technique. The most common echocardiographic findings included atrial dilation, ventricular dilation, valvular disease, and aortic pathology. The analyzed clinical cases involved a woman with paradoxical low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis and a man with cardiac amyloidosis, demonstrating the importance of echocardiography as a complementary diagnostic tool and support for therapeutic decision-making. Discussion The Echocardiography showed high concordance with clinical suspicion, confirming its diagnostic accuracy. The clinical cases highlighted the importance of multimodal evaluation, integrating transthoracic and stress echocardiography with complementary methods, such as computed tomography and global longitudinal strain analysis, for diagnosis and risk stratification. Conclusion Cardiac ultrasound is an essential imaging technique in clinical cardiology, enabling diagnosis, monitoring, and therapeutic guidance in various cardiac pathologies. The internship allowed consolidation of knowledge, acquisition of technical skills, and a deeper understanding of the clinical application of echocardiography, confirming its critical role in patient care.
Introduction Cardiac ultrasound is the primary imaging technique in clinical cardiology, allowing morphological, functional, and hemodynamic assessment of the heart. This examination is fundamental to complement diagnosis, guide therapeutic decisions, and stratify patient prognosis. Objective To conduct an internship in cardiac ultrasound within the Master’s in Clinical Physiology, analyzing demographic and echocardiographic variables, as well as discussing two relevant clinical cases involving examinations performed at Hospital Geral Covões (Portugal). Results The analyzed sample included 348 patients, predominantly over 65 years old, with a higher representation of males. Transthoracic, transesophageal, pharmacological stress, and contrast echocardiograms were performed. Transthoracic echocardiography was the most frequently used exam, reflecting its role as a first-line technique. The most common echocardiographic findings included atrial dilation, ventricular dilation, valvular disease, and aortic pathology. The analyzed clinical cases involved a woman with paradoxical low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis and a man with cardiac amyloidosis, demonstrating the importance of echocardiography as a complementary diagnostic tool and support for therapeutic decision-making. Discussion The Echocardiography showed high concordance with clinical suspicion, confirming its diagnostic accuracy. The clinical cases highlighted the importance of multimodal evaluation, integrating transthoracic and stress echocardiography with complementary methods, such as computed tomography and global longitudinal strain analysis, for diagnosis and risk stratification. Conclusion Cardiac ultrasound is an essential imaging technique in clinical cardiology, enabling diagnosis, monitoring, and therapeutic guidance in various cardiac pathologies. The internship allowed consolidation of knowledge, acquisition of technical skills, and a deeper understanding of the clinical application of echocardiography, confirming its critical role in patient care.
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Ultrassonografia cardíaca ecocardiografia diagnóstico terapêutica estenose aórtica amiloidose cardíaca cardiac ultrasound echocardiography diagnosis therapy aortic stenosis cardiac amyloidosis