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Abstract(s)
Os derrames de hidrocarbonetos no mar têm consequências devastadoras para os oceanos, os ecossistemas e para os estados costeiros afetados. Desde cedo, estados e organizações mundiais procuraram encontrar soluções que mitigassem os acidentes e os estragos causados por essas catástrofes.
Os sistemas operacionais de modelação de derrames de hidrocarbonetos no mar são uma ferramenta fundamental para a condução de operações de combate à poluição no mar, bem como para o estabelecimento de planos de contingência nacionais e internacionais. No entanto, o desenvolvimento destas ferramentas não
é fácil e envolve um complexo processo de modelação. Uma mancha de hidrocarbonetos derramada no mar é afetada por diversos fatores como vento, a corrente e a agitação marítima, que contribuem para a sua movimentação e deriva, bem como para diversas alterações físicas e químicas no óleo derramado.
Em Portugal, o instituto Hidrográfico detém o programa de cálculo de deriva superficial utilizado no combate à poluição do mar. O modelo não foi originalmente desenvolvido para aplicação neste âmbito, portanto, apesar de ter sido melhorado aquando do afundamento do navio “Prestige”, o modelo não se encontra totalmente adaptados às necessidades de informação desta realidade.
Pretende-se, com a presente dissertação, enquadrar o modelo de previsão de deriva do Instituto Hidrográfico na realidade atual da modelação operacional de derrames de hidrocarbonetos. Para tal, foram estudadas e analisadas as várias etapas do processo de modelação, o estado da arte de modelos operacionais e identificadas as oportunidades de melhoria do modelo do Instituto Hidrográfico.
O estudo desenvolvido, constitui uma rampa de lançamento para o desenvolvimento e melhoramento do programa de deriva superficial do Instituto Hidrográfico, atendendo aos desenvolvimentos tecnológicos e científicos atuais e às necessidades dos coordenadores nacionais das ações de combate à poluição do mar por hidrocarbonetos.
Hydrocarbons spills in the ocean have devastating consequences for the oceans, the ecosystems and for the coastal areas affected. For a long time, countries and worldwide organizations have been trying to find solutions to mitigate these accidents and the damages caused by such catastrophes. The operational systems of modelling oil spills in the ocean are a crucial instrument to lead combat operations to water pollution, as well as to establish contingency plans, on an international and international level. However, the development of such tools is not simple and it involves a complex modelling process. An oil spill drift in the ocean can be affected by numerous factors such as the wind, currents, and water swells, which therefore contribute to its movement as well as to the way the spilled oil is changed on a physical and chemical level. In Portugal, the Hydrographic Institute runs a program that can estimate the oil spill trajectory used for water pollution combat. This model hasn’t been originally developed to be applied in such matters, consequently, and despite it has been improved when the ship “Prestige” has sunk, the model is not fully adapted to the information requirements for these type scenarios. The aim of the present dissertation, is to compare the forecast model of spill drifting movements from the Hydrographic Institute with recent operational hydrocarbon spills models. Therefore, we have studied and analysed the distinct stages of the modelling process, the state of the art operational models and have identified areas of possible development of the current model used by the Hydrographic Institute. The study developed, is a kick-start point to the development and improvement of the Hydrographic Institute oil spill drift forecast program, considering the latest technological and scientific developments and the requirements of the national coordinating actions towards sea water pollution fighting, in particular pollution by hydrocarbons.
Hydrocarbons spills in the ocean have devastating consequences for the oceans, the ecosystems and for the coastal areas affected. For a long time, countries and worldwide organizations have been trying to find solutions to mitigate these accidents and the damages caused by such catastrophes. The operational systems of modelling oil spills in the ocean are a crucial instrument to lead combat operations to water pollution, as well as to establish contingency plans, on an international and international level. However, the development of such tools is not simple and it involves a complex modelling process. An oil spill drift in the ocean can be affected by numerous factors such as the wind, currents, and water swells, which therefore contribute to its movement as well as to the way the spilled oil is changed on a physical and chemical level. In Portugal, the Hydrographic Institute runs a program that can estimate the oil spill trajectory used for water pollution combat. This model hasn’t been originally developed to be applied in such matters, consequently, and despite it has been improved when the ship “Prestige” has sunk, the model is not fully adapted to the information requirements for these type scenarios. The aim of the present dissertation, is to compare the forecast model of spill drifting movements from the Hydrographic Institute with recent operational hydrocarbon spills models. Therefore, we have studied and analysed the distinct stages of the modelling process, the state of the art operational models and have identified areas of possible development of the current model used by the Hydrographic Institute. The study developed, is a kick-start point to the development and improvement of the Hydrographic Institute oil spill drift forecast program, considering the latest technological and scientific developments and the requirements of the national coordinating actions towards sea water pollution fighting, in particular pollution by hydrocarbons.
Description
Keywords
derrames de hidrocarbonetos, modelação operacional, deriva, instituto hidrográfico oil spill, operational modulation, drift, hydrographic institute