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Caracterização do período de floração de diferentes genótipos da variedade de oliveira ‘Galega vulgar’
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Foram monitorizadas 44 árvores que correspondem a 28 genótipos da variedade de
oliveira ‘Galega vulgar’ recolhidos em todo o território nacional e instalados numa
parcela da Herdade do Reguengo pertencente ao INIAV, I.P., Polo de Elvas. O
acompanhamento foi efetuado entre fevereiro e junho de 2025, sendo feitas observações
semanais e bissemanais das árvores, consoante o estado fenológico. A escala usada para
caracterizar a fenologia da floração foi a escala BBCH adaptada à cultura da oliveira.
Avaliou-se também a qualidade da flor, a carga floral e o vingamento inicial e final. Após
os todos os dados reunidos, fez-se uma comparação com os dados obtidos em 2023,
nos mesmos genótipos, identificando a interferência do clima nos resultados e
apontando as principais diferenças ou similitudes, para determinar quais os genótipos
que melhor se adaptam às nossas condições. Observaram-se diferenças significativas no
comportamento dos genótipos em estudo, quando comparados os dois anos. Em 2025,
destacaram-se o genótipo 0061 com 98,0% de proporção de flores perfeitas, uma carga
floral média de 3, e um vingamento de 41%; o genótipo 0011 com 90% de proporção de
flores perfeitas, carga floral de 4 nas duas árvores, 21% de vingamento final; e os
genótipos 1061 e 2092 que obtiveram resultados semelhantes, com proporção de flores
perfeitas 71,8% e 77,8%, carga floram média de 5 e vingamento final 19% e 18%. A
variabilidade observada pode ser aproveitada em programas de melhoramento
orientados para selecionar genótipos superiores em produtividade e em capacidade de
adaptação às alterações climáticas. Estes resultados e tendências terão de ser
confirmados em mais campanhas, de modo a conseguir obter resultados conclusivos.
Forty-four trees corresponding to 28 genotypes of the ‘Galega vulgar’ olive variety were monitored. These trees were collected throughout Portugal and planted in a plot of the Herdade do Reguengo estate, belonging to INIAV, I.P., Elvas branch. Monitoring took place between February and June 2025, with weekly and bi-weekly observations of the trees, depending on the phenological stage. The BBCH scale adapted to olive cultivation was used to characterize flowering phenology. Flower quality, floral load, and initial and final fruit set were also evaluated. After gathering all the data, a comparison was made with data obtained in 2023 for the same genotypes, identifying the influence of climate on the results and highlighting the main differences or similarities, to determine which genotypes best adapt to our conditions. Significant differences were observed in the behavior of the genotypes under study when comparing the two years. In 2025, genotype 0061 stood out with a 98.0% proportion of perfect flowers, an average floral load of 3, and a fruit set of 41%; genotype 0011 with a 90% proportion of perfect flowers, a floral load of 4 on both trees, and a final fruit set of 21%; and genotypes 1061 and 2092, which obtained similar results, with a proportion of perfect flowers of 71.8% and 77.8%, an average floral load of 5, and a final fruit set of 19% and 18%. The observed variability can be leveraged in breeding programs aimed at selecting genotypes superior in productivity and adaptability to climate change. These results and trends will have to be confirmed in further campaigns in order to obtain conclusive results.
Forty-four trees corresponding to 28 genotypes of the ‘Galega vulgar’ olive variety were monitored. These trees were collected throughout Portugal and planted in a plot of the Herdade do Reguengo estate, belonging to INIAV, I.P., Elvas branch. Monitoring took place between February and June 2025, with weekly and bi-weekly observations of the trees, depending on the phenological stage. The BBCH scale adapted to olive cultivation was used to characterize flowering phenology. Flower quality, floral load, and initial and final fruit set were also evaluated. After gathering all the data, a comparison was made with data obtained in 2023 for the same genotypes, identifying the influence of climate on the results and highlighting the main differences or similarities, to determine which genotypes best adapt to our conditions. Significant differences were observed in the behavior of the genotypes under study when comparing the two years. In 2025, genotype 0061 stood out with a 98.0% proportion of perfect flowers, an average floral load of 3, and a fruit set of 41%; genotype 0011 with a 90% proportion of perfect flowers, a floral load of 4 on both trees, and a final fruit set of 21%; and genotypes 1061 and 2092, which obtained similar results, with a proportion of perfect flowers of 71.8% and 77.8%, an average floral load of 5, and a final fruit set of 19% and 18%. The observed variability can be leveraged in breeding programs aimed at selecting genotypes superior in productivity and adaptability to climate change. These results and trends will have to be confirmed in further campaigns in order to obtain conclusive results.
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Floração Melhoramento Olival Variedades de oliveira Flowering Breeding Olive grove Olive tree varieties