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Estudo Do Perfil De Suscetibilidade A Antibióticos Em Bactérias Causadoras De Otites Em Caninos E Felinos Em Portugal
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Abstract(s)
As inflamações auriculares externas em animais de companhia são um dos motivos mais frequentes de consultas na prática veterinária clínica. A origem é multifatorial sendo o crescimento bacteriano um fator secundário responsável pelo desenvolvimento de uma infeção local. O isolamento de bactérias resistentes aos antimicrobianos nomeadamente em casos de otites em animais de companhia tem sido uma preocupação ao longo dos últimos anos. Considerando os mecanismos de transferência de genes de resistência entre bactérias assim como a transmissão de bactérias entre o homem e os animais e vice-versa, esta ocorrência deve ser entendida como um problema global com impacto em saúde pública.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as bactérias isoladas em casos de infeções auriculares externas de animais de companhia assim como analisar o perfil de suscetibilidade a antimicrobianos destes isolados. Para tal, foi realizado um estudo retrospetivo, com análise dos dados resultantes da avaliação laboratorial (i.e., isolamento, identificação bacteriana e teste de suscetibilidade a antimicrobianos) de amostras de exsudados auriculares de cães e gatos residentes em Portugal entre 2020 e 2023.
O estudo incluiu a análise de 7506 resultados de exsudados de cães e gatos. Verificou-se que no período estudado, as amostras de cães foram mais frequentes (87,6%), o que sugere que as otites externas de origem bacteriana são mais frequentes em cães, que forma mais frequentemente isolados nas espécies Labrador Retriever e Bulldog. Os agentes bacterianos mais frequentemente isolados em cães foram Staphylococcus pseudointermedius, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, e Proteus mirabilis. Entre os agentes isolados a percentagem de agentes classificados como multirresistentes foi de 41%, tendo sido Staphylococcus pseudointermedius o agente que apresentou maior percentagem de isolados multirresistentes assim como maior percentagem de isolados resistentes à amoxicilina. Em gatos, a raça mais afetada parece ser a raça Europeu Comum. Os agentes mais frequentemente isolados nesta espécie foram Staphylococcus spp. sendo que entre os agentes isolados a percentagem de isolados classificados como multirresistentes foi de 33%.
Verificou-se que o isolamento de Escherichia coli apresentou um padrão sazonal ao longo do período de estudo. Acresce que a percentagem de isolados classificados como multirresistentes foi de 40%, sendo que Staphylococcus pseudointermedius foi o agente que apresentou uma maior percentagem de isolados com perfil multirresistente e que 70% dos isolados de Enterococcus faecium multirresistência. Na globalidade dos isolados verificou-se uma maior taxa de suscetibilidade à marbofloxacina.
A classificação AMEG, classifica os antimicrobianos de A a D e considera a utilização de classes mais baixas como a D em primeira linha. Neste estudo, 0,6% dos isolados apresentavam sensibilidade a ácido fusídico, categoria D. Porém 80,6% dos isolados apresentavam sensibilidade a gentamicina, categoria C.
Os resultados obtidos neste estudo são relevantes numa perspetiva epidemiológica e clínica na medida em que contribuem para a monitorização do perfil de resistências a antibióticos em animais de companhia. Adicionalmente como revelam orientações para o uso prudente dos antimicrobianos na medicina veterinária, enfatizando que as otites externas de origem bacteriana devem ser tratadas com base na avaliação do perfil de suscetibilidade.
External ear inflammation in companion animals is one of the most frequent reasons for consultations in clinical veterinary practice. The origin is multifactorial, with bacterial growth being a secondary factor responsible for the development of a local infection. The isolation of bacteria resistant to antimicrobials, particularly in cases of otitis in pets, has been a concern over recent years. Considering the mechanisms of transfer of resistance genes between bacteria as well as the transmission of bacteria between humans and animals and vice versa, this occurrence must be understood as a global problem with an impact on public health. This work aimed to evaluate the bacteria isolated in cases of external ear infections in companion animals as well as analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of these isolates. To this end, a retrospective study was carried out, with analysis of data resulting from laboratory evaluation (i.e., isolation, bacterial identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing) of samples of ear exudates from dogs and cats residing in Portugal between 2020 and 2023. The study included the analysis of 7506 results from dog and cat exudates. It was found that during the period studied, samples from dogs were more frequent (87.6%), which suggests that external otitis of bacterial origin is more frequent in dogs, which most frequently forms isolates in the Labrador Retriever and Bulldog species. The most frequently isolated bacterial agents in dogs were Staphylococcus pseudointermedius, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis. Among the isolated agents, the percentage of agents classified as multi-resistant was 41%, with Staphylococcus pseudointermedius being the agent that presented the highest percentage of multidrug resistant isolates as well as the highest percentage of isolates resistant to amoxicillin. In cats, the most affected breed appears to be the Common European breed. The most frequently isolated agents in this species were Staphylococcus spp. and among the isolated agents, the percentage of isolates classified as multidrug resistant was 33%. It was found that the isolation of Escherichia coli showed a seasonal pattern throughout the study period. Furthermore, the percentage of isolates classified as multidrug resistant was 40%, with Staphylococcus pseudointermedius being the agent that presented a higher percentage of isolates with a multidrug resistant profile and 70% of Enterococcus faecium isolates being multi-resistant. In all isolates, there was a higher susceptibility rate to marbofloxacin. The AMEG classification classifies antimicrobials from A to D and considers the use of lower classes such as D in the first line. In this study, 0.6% of the isolates were susceptible to fusidic acid, category D. However, 80.6% of the isolates were susceptible to gentamicin, category C. The results obtained in this study are relevant from an epidemiological and clinical perspective as they contribute to monitoring the antibiotic resistance profile in companion animals. Additionally, guidelines for the prudent use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine are revealed, emphasizing that treatment of external otitis of bacterial origin must be treated based on the assessment of the susceptibility profile.
External ear inflammation in companion animals is one of the most frequent reasons for consultations in clinical veterinary practice. The origin is multifactorial, with bacterial growth being a secondary factor responsible for the development of a local infection. The isolation of bacteria resistant to antimicrobials, particularly in cases of otitis in pets, has been a concern over recent years. Considering the mechanisms of transfer of resistance genes between bacteria as well as the transmission of bacteria between humans and animals and vice versa, this occurrence must be understood as a global problem with an impact on public health. This work aimed to evaluate the bacteria isolated in cases of external ear infections in companion animals as well as analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of these isolates. To this end, a retrospective study was carried out, with analysis of data resulting from laboratory evaluation (i.e., isolation, bacterial identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing) of samples of ear exudates from dogs and cats residing in Portugal between 2020 and 2023. The study included the analysis of 7506 results from dog and cat exudates. It was found that during the period studied, samples from dogs were more frequent (87.6%), which suggests that external otitis of bacterial origin is more frequent in dogs, which most frequently forms isolates in the Labrador Retriever and Bulldog species. The most frequently isolated bacterial agents in dogs were Staphylococcus pseudointermedius, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis. Among the isolated agents, the percentage of agents classified as multi-resistant was 41%, with Staphylococcus pseudointermedius being the agent that presented the highest percentage of multidrug resistant isolates as well as the highest percentage of isolates resistant to amoxicillin. In cats, the most affected breed appears to be the Common European breed. The most frequently isolated agents in this species were Staphylococcus spp. and among the isolated agents, the percentage of isolates classified as multidrug resistant was 33%. It was found that the isolation of Escherichia coli showed a seasonal pattern throughout the study period. Furthermore, the percentage of isolates classified as multidrug resistant was 40%, with Staphylococcus pseudointermedius being the agent that presented a higher percentage of isolates with a multidrug resistant profile and 70% of Enterococcus faecium isolates being multi-resistant. In all isolates, there was a higher susceptibility rate to marbofloxacin. The AMEG classification classifies antimicrobials from A to D and considers the use of lower classes such as D in the first line. In this study, 0.6% of the isolates were susceptible to fusidic acid, category D. However, 80.6% of the isolates were susceptible to gentamicin, category C. The results obtained in this study are relevant from an epidemiological and clinical perspective as they contribute to monitoring the antibiotic resistance profile in companion animals. Additionally, guidelines for the prudent use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine are revealed, emphasizing that treatment of external otitis of bacterial origin must be treated based on the assessment of the susceptibility profile.
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Keywords
Antibióticos Bactéria Cães Estudo Nacional Gatos Otites Externas Resistências Antimicrobianas Portugal Uma Só Saúde Antibiotics Bacteria Antimicrobial Resistance External Otitis Dogs Cats Nacional Study Portugal One Health