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Caso Atípico de Botulismo em Novilhas na Região de Loire, Franca
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Abstract(s)
O botulismo é uma intoxicação que pode acometer diferentes espécies animais, resultante da ingestão
de neurotoxinas produzidas pela bactéria Clostridium botulinum quando as condições do meio ambiente
são favoráveis ou seja quente e húmida com silagem na manjedoura.
A prevenção é a sua principal forma de controle e os animais afetados podem apresentar sintomatologia
caracterizada por decúbito esternal, seguido de decúbito lateral, respiração dispneica, tetraparesia
flácida ascendente, perda do tônus lingual e da cauda. O diagnóstico baseia-se na avaliação clínica e
epidemiológica, deteção das toxinas por PCR por isolamento do agente e inoculação em laboratório.
Não existe tratamento e na sua maioria a intoxicação é fatal, porém a quantidade de toxina presente
no animal é determinante.
Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar e discutir um caso clínico atípico de cinco novilhas que
apresentaram paresia que resultou em decúbito, com um tempo de recuperação de cerca de 15 dias.
Foram realizadas análises ao feno, à alimentação e água, mas todos os resultados foram negativos.
Amostra hepática, fluido ruminal, colheitas de sangue e fezes de duas novilhas foram enviados no
instituto Pasteur para uma pesquisa de toxina botúlica. Foi encontrada a toxina botulínica do tipo C por
PCR na biópsia hepática por técnica de aspiração com agulha da novilha n°4. Essa toxina foi isolada e
injetada em ratos de laboratório. Após essa administração, os ratos ficaram paralisados, mas nenhum
deles morreu, o que levou ao Instituto Pasteur a recusar-se a admitir o resultado, considerando que o
diagnóstico só pode ser estabelecido em caso de morte dos ratos. Uma vez que o resultado do PCR
foi positivo para a toxina botulínica, possivelmente trata-se de uma forma menos patogénica, uma vez
que apenas a de tipo C foi encontrada, e as intoxicações usuais em bovinos são mais comumente do
tipo D/C. Uma outra hipótese poderia ser que a toxina estava presente em uma quantidade tão pequena
que não foi suficiente para causar a morte.
Botulism is an intoxication that can affect different animal species, resulting from the ingestion of neurotoxins produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum when environmental conditions are favorable. Prevention is its primary form of control. Affected animals may present symptoms characterized by sternal recumbency, followed by lateral recumbency, dyspneic breathing, flaccid ascending tetraparesis, loss of tongue and tail tone. Diagnosis is based on clinical and epidemiological evaluation, detection of toxins by PCR bacterial, isolation, and laboratory inoculation. There is no treatment, and it is mostly fatal. However, the amount of toxin present in the animal is determinant for recovery. This study aims to address an atypical clinical case of five heifers that presented paresis resulting in recumbency and subsequently recovered 15 days later. Analyses were performed on hay, feed, and water, but all results were negative. Hepatic samples, ruminal fluid, blood, and feces from two heifers were sent to the Pasteur Institute for botulinum toxin research. Botulinum toxin type C was found by PCR in the biopsy of one heifer. This toxin was isolated and injected into laboratory rats. After administration, the rats became paralyzed, but none of them died, leading the Pasteur Institute not to confirm the result, considering that the diagnosis can only be established in case of rat death. Since the PCR result was positive for botulinum toxin, it is possibly a less pathogenic form, as only type C was found, and the usual intoxications in cattle are more commonly type D/C. Another hypothesis could be that the toxin was present in such a small quantity that it was not enough to cause death.
Botulism is an intoxication that can affect different animal species, resulting from the ingestion of neurotoxins produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum when environmental conditions are favorable. Prevention is its primary form of control. Affected animals may present symptoms characterized by sternal recumbency, followed by lateral recumbency, dyspneic breathing, flaccid ascending tetraparesis, loss of tongue and tail tone. Diagnosis is based on clinical and epidemiological evaluation, detection of toxins by PCR bacterial, isolation, and laboratory inoculation. There is no treatment, and it is mostly fatal. However, the amount of toxin present in the animal is determinant for recovery. This study aims to address an atypical clinical case of five heifers that presented paresis resulting in recumbency and subsequently recovered 15 days later. Analyses were performed on hay, feed, and water, but all results were negative. Hepatic samples, ruminal fluid, blood, and feces from two heifers were sent to the Pasteur Institute for botulinum toxin research. Botulinum toxin type C was found by PCR in the biopsy of one heifer. This toxin was isolated and injected into laboratory rats. After administration, the rats became paralyzed, but none of them died, leading the Pasteur Institute not to confirm the result, considering that the diagnosis can only be established in case of rat death. Since the PCR result was positive for botulinum toxin, it is possibly a less pathogenic form, as only type C was found, and the usual intoxications in cattle are more commonly type D/C. Another hypothesis could be that the toxin was present in such a small quantity that it was not enough to cause death.
Description
Keywords
Botulismo Caso atípico Novilhas Botulism Atypical case Heifers