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O Género e o Exercício de Comando e Liderança no Exército
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Abstract(s)
No âmbito do Trabalho de Investigação Aplicada, o presente trabalho estuda as
competências de liderança em contexto militar tendo em conta o género.
Como instrumento de recolha de dados, foi construído um inquérito por
questionário, associado ao desempenho das competências de liderança, aos fatores critério inerentes à ação de comando e ao processo de integração das mulheres no Exército. Foi aplicado a um grupo de 60 (30 homens e 30 mulheres) Oficiais Subalternos e Capitães do Quadro Permanente (QP) e das diversas Armas e Serviços, e ainda a todos os Oficiais, Sargentos e Praças que estão sob o comando direto de 13 destes oficias.
Da análise de dados, foi possível verificar que as mulheres dirigem a sua prática de comando através de dimensões orientadas para as relações pessoais, “liderança participativa” e “coesão e trabalho de equipa” – liderança transformacional, enquanto os homens estão associados aos comportamentos orientados para a tarefa, “tomada de decisão e planeamento” e “visão do ambiente externo e interno” – liderança transacional.
As ações de comando que mais contribuem para a satisfação, eficácia e esforço extraordinário, segundo a perceção dos oficiais e subordinados, são as dimensões associadas aos comportamentos orientados para as pessoas – líderes transformacionais – que tem a capacidade de ganhar a confiança dos subordinados, de maneira a atingir os objetivos e até mesmo mobilizá-los para o esforço extraordinário.
O género não é uma limitação ao exercício de comando e liderança, como se pode
verificar pela análise de dados, estando as mulheres associadas à liderança transformacional, no entanto, existem fatores fisiológicos, psicológicos e culturais, que podem condicionar os seus níveis de desempenho.
Abstract In the context of Working for Applied Research, the presented thesis studies the leadership skills in a military context, regarding the gender. As an instrument of data collection, an inquiry by questionnaire was built and the associated to the performance of leadership skills, the criterion factors inherent to the action command and the integration process of women in the Army. This inquiry was applied to a group of 60 (30 men and 30 women) Subaltern Officers and Captains of the Permanent Panel (PP) and the various Arms and Services, and also to all Officers, Sergeants and Squares that are under the direct command of 13 of these officers. From the data analysis, we found that women run their practice of command through dimensions that are oriented to people, "participative leadership" and "cohesion and teamwork," transformational leadership. Men, on the other hand, are associated with task oriented behaviors, "decision making and planning" and "vision of the external and internal environment," transactional leadership. The command actions that most contribute to the satisfaction, effectiveness and extraordinary effort, according to the perception of officers and subordinates, are the dimensions of behavior associated with people-oriented, transformational leaders, who have the ability to gain the trust of subordinates, in order to achieve the goals and even mobilize them for the extraordinary effort. Gender is not a limitation on the exercise of command and leadership, as shown by the data analysis, women are associated with transformational leadership, however, there are physiological, psychological and cultural aspects that may take influence on their performance levels.
Abstract In the context of Working for Applied Research, the presented thesis studies the leadership skills in a military context, regarding the gender. As an instrument of data collection, an inquiry by questionnaire was built and the associated to the performance of leadership skills, the criterion factors inherent to the action command and the integration process of women in the Army. This inquiry was applied to a group of 60 (30 men and 30 women) Subaltern Officers and Captains of the Permanent Panel (PP) and the various Arms and Services, and also to all Officers, Sergeants and Squares that are under the direct command of 13 of these officers. From the data analysis, we found that women run their practice of command through dimensions that are oriented to people, "participative leadership" and "cohesion and teamwork," transformational leadership. Men, on the other hand, are associated with task oriented behaviors, "decision making and planning" and "vision of the external and internal environment," transactional leadership. The command actions that most contribute to the satisfaction, effectiveness and extraordinary effort, according to the perception of officers and subordinates, are the dimensions of behavior associated with people-oriented, transformational leaders, who have the ability to gain the trust of subordinates, in order to achieve the goals and even mobilize them for the extraordinary effort. Gender is not a limitation on the exercise of command and leadership, as shown by the data analysis, women are associated with transformational leadership, however, there are physiological, psychological and cultural aspects that may take influence on their performance levels.
Description
Keywords
Contexto Militar Liderança Género Oficiais
Citation
Publisher
Academia Militar. Direção de Ensino