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Hábitos parafuncionais e disfunções temporomandibulares - à luz do conhecimento atual
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Uma disfunção refere-se ao insucesso de um mecanismo interno de realizar uma função
natural que lhe era delineado, sendo que uma disfunção temporomandibular (DTM)
apresenta-se como um fenómeno caracterizado por dores miofaciais, que envolve os
músculos mastigadores, a região craniocervical e a região da articulação
temporomandibular. Por outro lado, um hábito parafuncional é todo um comportamento
que não tem um propósito funcional, contrariamente a comportamentos como a fala,
mastigação e deglutição.
Dentro dos fatores abrangidos na patogénese da DTM, o papel dos hábitos parafuncionais
tem sido estudado, sendo que o bruxismo tem sido considerado um importante fator de
associação às DTM’s. Na articulação temporomandibular (ATM), os reflexos deste hábito
estão intimamente relacionados às mudanças que ocorrem nos músculos, tendo sido
reconhecidos como fatores de risco significante para artralgia temporomandibular, e
associados à dor miofascial mastigatória, podendo também ser responsáveis por dor ou
tensão na região cervical. A etiologias de ambas as patologias, bem como a sua possível
relação ainda não estão totalmente esclarecidas, pelo que são necessários mais estudos
dentro desta temática.
A importância e o papel do médico dentista nas disfunções temporomandibulares e
hábitos parafuncionais começa na procura de um correto diagnóstico individual para cada
paciente, classificando o problema e identificando os sinais e sintomas. A abordagem
terapêutica deve incluir técnicas de abordagem multidisciplinar, tendo como objetivo
comum garantir o controlo da dor e reequilíbrio funcional do indivíduo.
A dysfunction refers to the failure of an internal mechanism to perform a natural function that was delineated, and a temporomandibular disorder (TMD) presents as a phenomenon characterized by myofacial pain, involving the chewing muscles, the craniocervical region and the temporomandibular joint. On the other hand, a parafunctional habit is a behavior that does not have a functional purpose, contrary to behaviors like speech, chewing and swallowing. Among the factors covered in the pathogenesis of TMD, the role of parafunctional habits has been studied, and bruxism has been considered an important TMD association factor. In the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the reflexes of this habit are closely related to the changes that occur in the muscles, being recognized as significant risk factors for temporomandibular arthralgia, being associated with masticatory myofascial pain, being also responsible for pain or tension in the cervical region. The etiologies of both pathologies, as well as their possible relation are still not totally clarified, reason why more studies within this subject are necessary. The importance and role of the dentist in temporomandibular disorders and parafunctional habits begins with the search for a correct individual diagnosis for each patient, classifying the problem and identifying the signs and symptoms. The therapeutic should include techniques of multidisciplinary approach, with the common goal of ensuring pain control and functional balancing of the individual.
A dysfunction refers to the failure of an internal mechanism to perform a natural function that was delineated, and a temporomandibular disorder (TMD) presents as a phenomenon characterized by myofacial pain, involving the chewing muscles, the craniocervical region and the temporomandibular joint. On the other hand, a parafunctional habit is a behavior that does not have a functional purpose, contrary to behaviors like speech, chewing and swallowing. Among the factors covered in the pathogenesis of TMD, the role of parafunctional habits has been studied, and bruxism has been considered an important TMD association factor. In the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the reflexes of this habit are closely related to the changes that occur in the muscles, being recognized as significant risk factors for temporomandibular arthralgia, being associated with masticatory myofascial pain, being also responsible for pain or tension in the cervical region. The etiologies of both pathologies, as well as their possible relation are still not totally clarified, reason why more studies within this subject are necessary. The importance and role of the dentist in temporomandibular disorders and parafunctional habits begins with the search for a correct individual diagnosis for each patient, classifying the problem and identifying the signs and symptoms. The therapeutic should include techniques of multidisciplinary approach, with the common goal of ensuring pain control and functional balancing of the individual.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Disfunções temporomandibulares Hábitos parafuncionais Bruxismo Articulação temporomandibular