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Supervisão clínica em enfermagem: Contributo para a conceção de um programa de integração de enfermeiros
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
No enquadramento da realidade atual, o processo de integração assume
particular interesse para a adaptação adequada dos enfermeiros, promovendo a
assimilação de normas, valores e objetivos organizacionais, bem como o
desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional necessário à prestação de cuidados
seguros e de qualidade.
Neste sentido, a incorporação sistemática da supervisão clínica nos processos
supervisivos de integração dos novos profissionais, deve ser considerada uma
ferramenta pedagógica e formativa de inquestionável valor, pela resposta às
necessidades individuais dos enfermeiros, potenciando processos de
desenvolvimento profissional e pessoal através de práticas reflexivas, aquisição
de competências e melhoria contínua dos cuidados.
Tendo presente estes pressupostos, o presente estudo teve como objetivos:
analisar a perceção dos enfermeiros em relação ao seu processo de integração,
explorar a perceção dos enfermeiros supervisores clínicos em relação ao
processo de integração dos enfermeiros, identificar os modelos ou programas de
integração utilizados pelos enfermeiros supervisores clínicos para a integração
de enfermeiros, avaliar os fatores facilitadores e barreiras na transição para a
autonomia durante o processo de integração e, conhecer o impacto do processo
de integração na qualidade e segurança dos cuidados prestados após o período
de integração.
A investigação desenvolvida centrou-se no estudo qualitativo, descritivo e
exploratório, através da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas a cinco
enfermeiros supervisados e cinco enfermeiros supervisores clínicos de um
Serviço de Medicina Intensiva Pediátrica de um hospital da região norte de
Portugal. Recorreu-se posteriormente à técnica de análise de conteúdo segundo
a metodologia de Bardin para tratamento dos resultados obtidos.
Da análise efetuada, salienta-se a inexistência neste contexto de um programa
de integração estruturado e planeado, suscitando nos enfermeiros supervisados
o desenvolvimento de sentimentos menos positivos associado ao processo de
integração. Para estes enfermeiros, este processo contribuiu ainda na transição
para a autonomia na prestação de cuidados de uma forma considerada abrupta
face ao seu espectável desenvolvimento de competências. Por outro lado, na
perspetiva dos supervisores clínicos, é indiscutível a necessidade da
implementação e desenvolvimento de programas de integração, como forma de
estabelecer uma matriz que sustente o desenvolvimento da sua função no
processo supervisivo.
A implementação de processos supervisivos permite, desta forma, ir ao encontro
das necessidades dos enfermeiros, tornando-os mais aptos para o exercício
profissional, aumenta a sua satisfação, a vinculação à profissão e,
inevitavelmente, contribui para a obtenção de ganhos em saúde.
Within the framework of the current context, the process of integration assumes particular importance for the appropriate adaptation of nurses’, promoting the assimilation of organisational norms, values, and objectives, as well as the personal and professional development necessary to ensure the delivery of safe and high-quality care. In this regard, the systematic incorporation of clinical supervision into the supervisory processes associated with the integration of newly recruited professionals should be considered a pedagogical and formative tool of unquestionable value. It responds to the individual needs of nurses’, enhances processes of personal and professional development through reflective practices, skills acquisition, and continuous improvement in the quality of care. Based on these assumptions, the present study aimed to: analyse nurses’ perceptions regarding their integration process; explore clinical nurse supervisors perceptions of the integration of newly recruited nurses; identify the models or integration programmes used by clinical nurse supervisors; assess the facilitating factors and barriers encountered in the transition towards autonomy during the integration process; and determine the perceived impact of the integration process on the quality and safety of care provided following the integration period. This research adopted a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory design, conducted through semi-structured interviews with five supervised nurses and five clinical nurse supervisors working in a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit of a hospital located in the northern region of Portugal. Data were subsequently subjected to content analysis using Bardin’s methodology. The analysis revealed the absence of a structured and planned integration programme within this context, which led the supervised nurses to experience negative feelings associated with the integration process. According to these nurses, the process also contributed to an abrupt transition towards autonomy in care provision, given the expected pace of skills development. From the perspective of the clinical supervisors, however, the need to implement and develop integration programmes is undeniable, as these establish a framework that supports the exercise of their supervisory role. The implementation of supervisory processes thus makes it possible to meet nurses’ needs, better preparing them for professional practice, increasing their job satisfaction and commitment to the profession, and ultimately contributing to improved health outcomes.
Within the framework of the current context, the process of integration assumes particular importance for the appropriate adaptation of nurses’, promoting the assimilation of organisational norms, values, and objectives, as well as the personal and professional development necessary to ensure the delivery of safe and high-quality care. In this regard, the systematic incorporation of clinical supervision into the supervisory processes associated with the integration of newly recruited professionals should be considered a pedagogical and formative tool of unquestionable value. It responds to the individual needs of nurses’, enhances processes of personal and professional development through reflective practices, skills acquisition, and continuous improvement in the quality of care. Based on these assumptions, the present study aimed to: analyse nurses’ perceptions regarding their integration process; explore clinical nurse supervisors perceptions of the integration of newly recruited nurses; identify the models or integration programmes used by clinical nurse supervisors; assess the facilitating factors and barriers encountered in the transition towards autonomy during the integration process; and determine the perceived impact of the integration process on the quality and safety of care provided following the integration period. This research adopted a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory design, conducted through semi-structured interviews with five supervised nurses and five clinical nurse supervisors working in a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit of a hospital located in the northern region of Portugal. Data were subsequently subjected to content analysis using Bardin’s methodology. The analysis revealed the absence of a structured and planned integration programme within this context, which led the supervised nurses to experience negative feelings associated with the integration process. According to these nurses, the process also contributed to an abrupt transition towards autonomy in care provision, given the expected pace of skills development. From the perspective of the clinical supervisors, however, the need to implement and develop integration programmes is undeniable, as these establish a framework that supports the exercise of their supervisory role. The implementation of supervisory processes thus makes it possible to meet nurses’ needs, better preparing them for professional practice, increasing their job satisfaction and commitment to the profession, and ultimately contributing to improved health outcomes.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Supervisão Clínica Enfermagem Cuidados intensivos