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The EU Emission Trading System Tax Regime and the Issue of Unfair Maritime Competition

2024-10Review article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorFaria, Duarte Lynce
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-30T10:41:00Z
dc.date.available2025-10-30T10:41:00Z
dc.date.issued2024-10
dc.description.abstracthis article starts by providing an updated literature review and the EU legislative framework concerning reducing carbon emissions in the maritime industry as part of the European Green Deal (EGD). It specifically examines the EU Emission Trading System (ETS) tax regime. This document then analyses the current factors influencing ships’ decisions to avoid stopping at hub ports and going to neighbouring Mediterranean countries, such as North Africa and Turkey. In the discussion section, this study presents various suggestions for updating EU laws or expediting the collection and analysis of data to prompt the Commission to take appropriate actions to prevent unfair competition between EU and non-EU ports. This study focuses on identifying the most effective solutions within the EU legislative framework to address the need for the Commission to take legitimate action to prevent ships from bypassing EU hub ports. These solutions can be further developed alongside initiatives at the International Maritime Organization (IMO), and certain provisions can be adjusted at the EU level. The IMO’s call for a carbon fee on bunkering exacerbates the existing challenges. Preventive measures must be implemented to control the diversion of shipping traffic from EU hub ports, ensure fair treatment of EU ports involved in transhipment, and prevent carbon leakage. Moreover, the recent Houthi attacks in the Red Sea have significantly increased shipping costs on the route around the Cape of Good Hope to Europe, necessitating increased allowances for traffic to and from Europe.eng
dc.identifier.citationFaria, Duarte Lynce de (2024). The EU Emission Trading System Tax Regime and the Issue of Unfair Maritime Competition. Sustainability, 16(21), 9474
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/su16219474
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/59459
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/21/9474
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectdecarbonisation
dc.subjectemission unit allowances
dc.subjectEU ETS directive
dc.subjectEuropean Green Deal
dc.subjectInternational Maritime Organization
dc.subjecttraffic deviation
dc.subjecttranshipment ports
dc.titleThe EU Emission Trading System Tax Regime and the Issue of Unfair Maritime Competitioneng
dc.typereview article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue21
oaire.citation.titleSustainability
oaire.citation.volume16
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85

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