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Diagnóstico e tratamento da síndrome da apneia/ hipopneia obstrutiva do sono no âmbito da Medicina Dentária
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A síndrome da apneia/hipopneia obstrutiva do sono (SAHOS) caracteriza-se pela obstrução total ou parcial das vias aéreas superiores durante o sono. Esta patologia tem uma elevada prevalência na população e pode ter graves consequências, caso não seja diagnosticada precocemente e/ou tratada. A SAHOS está associada ao risco de desenvolver doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes mellitus, depressão e perturbações cognitivas, entre outros.
O seu diagnóstico deve ser realizado sempre com o exame polissonográfico, no entanto vários meios complementares de diagnóstico, como a telerradiografia de perfil, ressonância magnética e a tomografia computorizada, podem auxiliar a identificar fatores predisponentes para a doença.
O Médico Dentista tem um papel importante no diagnóstico da SAHOS, uma vez que utiliza, de forma rotineira, alguns destes meios de diagnóstico.
Apesar do tratamento com maior eficácia ser a pressão positiva contínua das vias aéreas, através de uma máscara, a adesão a este tratamento é relativamente baixa. Desta forma, surgiram outras técnicas que ajudam a aliviar e/ou tratar os sintomas apneicos, os quais podem ser realizados por Médicos Dentistas especializados através da execução de aparelhos funcionais, aparelhos de avanço maxilomandibular e de variadas técnicas cirúrgicas, como por exemplo, a cirurgia de avanço maxilomandibular, a ablação de tecidos com radiofrequência e a uvulopalatofaringoplastia.
É imprescindível que o Médico Dentista incida a sua atenção sobre o paciente como um todo, desde a primeira consulta de forma a fornecer os melhores cuidados possíveis, nomeadamente, de forma a identificar possíveis fatores de risco para a SAHOS.
Obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSHA) and it’s characterized by total or partial obstruction of the upper airway, during sleep. This disease has a high prevalence in general population and may have serious consequences, if not treated and/or diagnosed early. OSHA is associated, for example, with the development of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, depression and cognitive disturbances. OSHA’s diagnosis must be made by means of a polysomnographic exam, however, several complementary means of diagnosis, such as the lateral radiograph, magnetic resonance and computerized tomography, can help identifying the predisposing factors of this disease. Dentists have an important role in OSHA’s diagnosis, since they use, routinely, some of these means of diagnosis. Even though the most effective treatment is the continuous positive airway pressure, by means of a facial mask, the adherence to this course of treatment is relatively low. Therefore, other techniques appeared that helped relieve and/or treated the apneic symptoms, which can be performed by specialized dentists by manufacturing functional appliances or maxilomandibular advancement appliances or by means of various surgical techniques, such as, maxilomandibular advancement surgery, radiofrequency tissue ablation and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. It’s crucial that dentists focus their attention on the patient as a whole, since the first appointment, in order to provide the best care possible, namely, to identify the possible risk factors for OSHA.
Obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSHA) and it’s characterized by total or partial obstruction of the upper airway, during sleep. This disease has a high prevalence in general population and may have serious consequences, if not treated and/or diagnosed early. OSHA is associated, for example, with the development of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, depression and cognitive disturbances. OSHA’s diagnosis must be made by means of a polysomnographic exam, however, several complementary means of diagnosis, such as the lateral radiograph, magnetic resonance and computerized tomography, can help identifying the predisposing factors of this disease. Dentists have an important role in OSHA’s diagnosis, since they use, routinely, some of these means of diagnosis. Even though the most effective treatment is the continuous positive airway pressure, by means of a facial mask, the adherence to this course of treatment is relatively low. Therefore, other techniques appeared that helped relieve and/or treated the apneic symptoms, which can be performed by specialized dentists by manufacturing functional appliances or maxilomandibular advancement appliances or by means of various surgical techniques, such as, maxilomandibular advancement surgery, radiofrequency tissue ablation and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. It’s crucial that dentists focus their attention on the patient as a whole, since the first appointment, in order to provide the best care possible, namely, to identify the possible risk factors for OSHA.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Apneia Sono Diagnóstico Tratamento