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Satisfação no trabalho e comprometimento organizacional nos oficiais e sargentos dos quadros permanentes das Forças Armadas Portuguesas
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Abstract(s)
As Forças Armadas (FFAA) portuguesas, como qualquer outra Instituição, são, sobretudo, constituídas por pessoas, não existindo nada de mais importante nas FFAA do que os seus recursos humanos, ainda para mais porque caracterizados por todo um conjunto de idiossincrasias inerentes à sua Condição Militar, e porque dotados de know-how(s) altamente especializado(s).
Este facto, aliado à crescente falta de efetivos com que se confronta o meio castrense, traduziu-se no objetivo desta dissertação de analisar a relação entre a satisfação no trabalho e o comprometimento organizacional nos oficiais e sargentos dos QP das FFAA portuguesas, numa amostra (n = 1.373), representativa deste universo de militares.
Metodologicamente, seguiu-se um raciocínio dedutivo, assente numa estratégia de investigação quantitativa e num desenho de pesquisa de tipo estudo de caso, tendo os dados sido recolhidos através de questionário.
Apesar de se observarem diferenças de médias intergrupos (oficiais/sargentos), inter-Ramos e inter algumas variáveis sociodemográficas, a generalidade dos resultados revelaram que o Comprometimento Afetivo (CA) é o que mais liga os militares ao seu Ramo e, em sentido lato, às FFAA. À luz do evidenciado na literatura – em que o CA se constitui como um mediador da relação entre a satisfação no trabalho (ST) e o desempenho –, apresentaram-se como facetas primárias de intervenção organizacional, relativamente transversais à maioria dos militares e com impacto significativamente positivo no incremento desta dimensão do comprometimento, a promoção da ST dos militares com o Pagamento, Recompensas contingentes e Comunicação, e o reforço dos seus (já acima da média) níveis de satisfação com a Supervisão e a Natureza do trabalho.
The Portuguese Armed Forces (FFAA), as any other institutions, are mainly made up of people, and there is nothing more important in the FFAA than their personnel. This is especially true because these people are characterized by a whole set of idiosyncrasies inherent in their military condition, and because they have a highly specialized know-how. These facts, together with the actual reality of a continuously reducing size of the staff in the military, underlie the general objective of this dissertation: to analyze the relation between job satisfaction and organizational commitment of the Portuguese Armed Forces officers and sergeants of the Permanent Staff, in a sample representative of this universe (n = 1.373). Methodologically, the research was based on deductive reasoning, following a quantitative research strategy and a case study research design, with data being collected in a survey. Although there were differences in the intergroup analysis (officer vs sergeant), and in the inter-Branches and inter-sociodemographic analysis, the generality of the results revealed that Affective Commitment (AC) was the variable that most links the military to its Service, and in a broad sense to the Armed Forces. In the light of what is present in the literature – where AC is a mediator of the relationship between job satisfaction (JS) and performance –, the promotion of the military's JS with Payment, Contingent Rewards and Communication, and the strengthening of their (already above average) levels of satisfaction with Supervision and the Type of Work, were presented as primary facets of organizational intervention. A primary facet of intervention justified by the fact that they are relatively transversal to most of the military and significantly impacting, in a positive way, with their commitment.
The Portuguese Armed Forces (FFAA), as any other institutions, are mainly made up of people, and there is nothing more important in the FFAA than their personnel. This is especially true because these people are characterized by a whole set of idiosyncrasies inherent in their military condition, and because they have a highly specialized know-how. These facts, together with the actual reality of a continuously reducing size of the staff in the military, underlie the general objective of this dissertation: to analyze the relation between job satisfaction and organizational commitment of the Portuguese Armed Forces officers and sergeants of the Permanent Staff, in a sample representative of this universe (n = 1.373). Methodologically, the research was based on deductive reasoning, following a quantitative research strategy and a case study research design, with data being collected in a survey. Although there were differences in the intergroup analysis (officer vs sergeant), and in the inter-Branches and inter-sociodemographic analysis, the generality of the results revealed that Affective Commitment (AC) was the variable that most links the military to its Service, and in a broad sense to the Armed Forces. In the light of what is present in the literature – where AC is a mediator of the relationship between job satisfaction (JS) and performance –, the promotion of the military's JS with Payment, Contingent Rewards and Communication, and the strengthening of their (already above average) levels of satisfaction with Supervision and the Type of Work, were presented as primary facets of organizational intervention. A primary facet of intervention justified by the fact that they are relatively transversal to most of the military and significantly impacting, in a positive way, with their commitment.
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Keywords
Satisfação no trabalho Comprometimento organizacional Forças Armadas Portuguesas Quadros Permanentes Oficiais Sargentos Job satisfaction Organizational commitment Portuguese Armed Forces Permanent staff Officiers Sergeants