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Fatores Moduladores Para O Desenvolvimento De Otite Externa Crónica Canina E Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas
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A otite externa canina é uma patologia comumente encontrada na medicina veterinária, caracterizada por inflamação do canal auditivo externo, potencialmente colonizado por microrganismos patogénicos. O tratamento convencional para otite canina envolve a administração tópica de agentes anti-inflamatórios e antimicrobianos. No entanto, o uso prolongado de antimicrobianos, particularmente em casos de otite crónica, pode promover resistência bacteriana, representando um risco de transmissão para seres humanos devido ao contato próximo entre cães e tutores.
Durante o processo diagnóstico de otite, vários fatores devem ser levados em conta. Raramente primária, a otite é, frequentemente, a consequência de uma patologia subjacente, como atopia, hipotireoidismo, hiperadrenocorticismo ou reações de hipersensibilidade (e.g. hipersensibilidades alimentares ou de contato). Mas também pode ser associado a um canal auditivo anormalmente moldado ou à prática natação frequente.
Encontra-se reportado que um desequilíbrio na microbiota da orelha contribui para o aparecimento e a progressão da otite. Esta disbiose caracteriza-se por uma redução na biodiversidade de espécies bacterians e por um crescimento excessivo de patógenos oportunistas específicos, como Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus canis ou Proteus mirabilis. Certas estirpes desses patógenos podem desenvolver perfis de multirresistência, comprometendo a eficácia do tratamento.
Abordando a emergência alarmante e a disseminação dessas estirpes, novas abordagens terapêuticas têm sido propostas: terapia fágica, terapia fotodinâmica, ablação de tecidos hiperplásicos com laser de dióxido de carbono, fotobiomodulação, terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana fitoterapia e probióticos
Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar a influência de fatores moduladores como microbiota e resistência antimicrobiana no desenvolvimento de otite em cães através de uma revisão abrangente da literatura existente. Além disso, procurou avaliar a eficácia das terapias convencionais e explorar novas abordagens para o tratamento da otite em cães.
Canine external otitis is a commonly encountered pathology in veterinary medicine, characterized by inflammation of the external auditory canal potentially colonized by pathogenic microorganisms. The conventional treatment for canine otitis involves topical administration of anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial agents. However, prolonged antimicrobial use, particularly in cases of chronic otitis, can foster bacterial resistance, posing a risk of transmission to humans due to close contact between dogs and their owners. During the diagnostic process of otitis, several factors need to be taken into account. Rarely primary, otitis is often the consequence of an underlying pathology such as atopy, hypothyroidism, hyperadrenocorticism, or hypersensitivity reactions (e.g. food allergies, contact allergies). But can also be associated with an abnormally shaped auditory canal or frequent swimming. Reports suggest that an imbalance in the ear microbiota contributes to the onset and progression of otitis, which is characterized by a reduction in bacterial species diversity and the overgrowth of specific opportunistic pathogens, such as Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, and Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus canis, and Proteus mirabilis. Notably, certain strains of these pathogens may develop multidrug-resistant profiles, compromising treatment efficacy. Addressing the alarming emergence and spread of these strains, novel therapeutic approaches have been proposed (e. g. phage therapy, photodynamic therapy, ablation of hyperplastic tissues com carbon dioxide laser, photobiomodulation, phytotherapy, and probiotics) for otitis management. This study aims to investigate the influence of modulating factors such as microbiota and antimicrobial resistance on the development of otitis in dogs through a comprehensive review of existing literature. Furthermore, it seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of conventional therapies and explore novel approaches for the treatment of otitis in dogs.
Canine external otitis is a commonly encountered pathology in veterinary medicine, characterized by inflammation of the external auditory canal potentially colonized by pathogenic microorganisms. The conventional treatment for canine otitis involves topical administration of anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial agents. However, prolonged antimicrobial use, particularly in cases of chronic otitis, can foster bacterial resistance, posing a risk of transmission to humans due to close contact between dogs and their owners. During the diagnostic process of otitis, several factors need to be taken into account. Rarely primary, otitis is often the consequence of an underlying pathology such as atopy, hypothyroidism, hyperadrenocorticism, or hypersensitivity reactions (e.g. food allergies, contact allergies). But can also be associated with an abnormally shaped auditory canal or frequent swimming. Reports suggest that an imbalance in the ear microbiota contributes to the onset and progression of otitis, which is characterized by a reduction in bacterial species diversity and the overgrowth of specific opportunistic pathogens, such as Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, and Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus canis, and Proteus mirabilis. Notably, certain strains of these pathogens may develop multidrug-resistant profiles, compromising treatment efficacy. Addressing the alarming emergence and spread of these strains, novel therapeutic approaches have been proposed (e. g. phage therapy, photodynamic therapy, ablation of hyperplastic tissues com carbon dioxide laser, photobiomodulation, phytotherapy, and probiotics) for otitis management. This study aims to investigate the influence of modulating factors such as microbiota and antimicrobial resistance on the development of otitis in dogs through a comprehensive review of existing literature. Furthermore, it seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of conventional therapies and explore novel approaches for the treatment of otitis in dogs.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Canidae Fitoterapia Fotobiomodulação Microbiota Otite Probióticos Resistência A Antimicrobianos Terapia Fágica Antimicrobial Resistance Otitis Phage Therapy Photobiomodulation Phytotherapy Probiotics