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Turismo e Desenvolvimento Social: Uma combinação essencial para o progresso do destino turístico
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Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo principal e fundamental avaliar as perceções e as atitudes dos residentes das Aldeias Históricas face ao desenvolvimento do turismo. O desenvolvimento sustentável desta atividade implica o envolvimento da comunidade local e neste sentido foi necessário a realização de uma reflexão teórica, a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as perceções dos impactos do turismo e os modelos que têm sido utilizados para avaliar as atitudes dos residentes face ao desenvolvimento turístico e sobre os fatores que influenciam a perceção dos mesmos.
Com base nessa revisão bibliográfica desenvolveu-se um modelo de investigação que pretende avaliar os fatores sociais que moderam o desenvolvimento turístico. Este modelo foi aplicado a x aldeias históricas de Portugal.
Esta tarefa envolveu a realização de um inquérito por questionário aos residentes desta região, tendo sido utilizado, após o enquadramento geral dos métodos de amostragem, o método de amostragem não probabilístico. Através da administração direta foram obtidos 110 inquéritos na totalidade das regiões entre Outubro e Janeiro.
O questionário incluía questões relacionadas com o perfil sócio-demográfico da população local, o nível de interação com os turistas, a perceção dos impactos e as atitudes face ao turismo. A análise dos resultados que resultam desta investigação permite observar que na generalidade os residentes das Aldeias consideram que o turismo tem mais impactos positivos para a região do que negativos, nomeadamente em termos económicos e culturais.
No entanto, observa-se que alguns dos residentes percecionam já alguns impactos negativos do turismo, nomeadamente em termos sociais e ambientais, como por exemplo na poluição ou no aumento do tráfego. No que diz respeito às suas atitudes face ao turismo, a investigação identificou que os residentes concordam com o desenvolvimento do turismo, pois a grande maioria dos residentes afirmou que apoia o desenvolvimento do mesmo. Os resultados obtidos permitem, também, concluir que o principal fator que influencia a perceção dos residentes sobre os impactos do turismo é condicionada pelo afunilamento da definição de turismo, ou seja, ainda é observado num sentido muito restrito e somente virado para a oferta hoteleira da zona. A dissertação termina com algumas contribuições e recomendações para que a investigação presente ajude no desenvolvimento do turismo nesta região e para auxiliar a maximização do papel do turismo.
The main objective of this dissertation is to evaluate the perceptions and behavior of the residents of the Historical Villages regarding the development of tourism. The sustainable development of this activity implies the involvement of the local community. It was necessary to carry out a theoretical reflection, based on a bibliographic review about the perceptions of tourism impacts and the models that have been used to assess the residents' behavior regarding Tourism development and the factors that influence their perception. Based on this bibliographic review, a research model was developed that intends to evaluate the previously referenced factors. Its evaluation and validation was achieved through its application to a tourist destination in Portugal - The Historical Villages of Portugal. This task involved a survey (questionnaire type) to the residents of this region using the non-probabilistic sampling method (after performing the general framework of sampling methods). Through direct administration, 110 surveys were obtained in all regions between October and January. The survey included questions related to the socio-demographic profile, the level of interaction with tourists and the perception of impacts and attitudes towards tourism of the local population. The analysis of the results of this research shows that, in general, the residents of the villages consider that tourism has more positive impacts on the region than negative ones, especially in economic and cultural terms. However, it is noted that some of the residents already perceive some negative impacts of tourism, particularly in social and environmental terms, such as pollution or increased traffic. Regarding their attitudes towards tourism, research has identified that residents agree with the development of tourism, as the vast majority of them said they support the development of tourism. The results also allow us to conclude that the main factor that influences the perception of the residents about the impacts of tourism is conditioned by the narrowing of the definition of tourism, that is, it is still observed in a very restricted sense and only focused on the hotel offer of the zone.
The main objective of this dissertation is to evaluate the perceptions and behavior of the residents of the Historical Villages regarding the development of tourism. The sustainable development of this activity implies the involvement of the local community. It was necessary to carry out a theoretical reflection, based on a bibliographic review about the perceptions of tourism impacts and the models that have been used to assess the residents' behavior regarding Tourism development and the factors that influence their perception. Based on this bibliographic review, a research model was developed that intends to evaluate the previously referenced factors. Its evaluation and validation was achieved through its application to a tourist destination in Portugal - The Historical Villages of Portugal. This task involved a survey (questionnaire type) to the residents of this region using the non-probabilistic sampling method (after performing the general framework of sampling methods). Through direct administration, 110 surveys were obtained in all regions between October and January. The survey included questions related to the socio-demographic profile, the level of interaction with tourists and the perception of impacts and attitudes towards tourism of the local population. The analysis of the results of this research shows that, in general, the residents of the villages consider that tourism has more positive impacts on the region than negative ones, especially in economic and cultural terms. However, it is noted that some of the residents already perceive some negative impacts of tourism, particularly in social and environmental terms, such as pollution or increased traffic. Regarding their attitudes towards tourism, research has identified that residents agree with the development of tourism, as the vast majority of them said they support the development of tourism. The results also allow us to conclude that the main factor that influences the perception of the residents about the impacts of tourism is conditioned by the narrowing of the definition of tourism, that is, it is still observed in a very restricted sense and only focused on the hotel offer of the zone.
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Keywords
Comunidade local Impactos do turismo Desenvolvimento Atitudes Qualidade de vida dos residentes Bem-estar Aldeias Históricas